Europe Renewable Energy Policy Handbook, 2023 Update

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Europe Renewable Energy Policy Overview

The European Union has adopted integrated policies to ensure its progress towards 2030 climate and energy targets and its international commitments under the Paris Agreement. All European Union (EU) member countries have designated targets by the EU to conform to international emission norms.

The Europe renewable energy handbook offers comprehensive information on major policies governing the renewable energy market in most of Europe. The report also discusses renewable energy targets and plans along with the present policy framework, giving a fair idea of the overall growth potential of the renewable energy industry. Moreover, the report provides major technology-specific policies and incentives provided in the region.

For more insights on European renewable energy policies, download a free report sample

European Union Renewable Energy Targets

EU targets to be climate-neutral by 2050. This objective is at the heart of the European Green Deal which is a roadmap for making the EU’s economy sustainable and it is also in line with the EU’s commitment to global climate action under the Paris Agreement.All the member states of EU have prepared integrated National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs) to achieve the 2030 climate and energy targets efficiently and coherently.

Europe Renewable Energy Regulatory Landscape

Feed-in Tariffs (FITs) have played a major role in developing renewable energy in Europe. In recent years, some of the EU countries shifted from FITs to the competitive auction which is a more market-driven mechanism. Another support mechanism to promote renewable energy is Net-metering. While some countries including Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Greece, Italy, Netherlands, Poland, and Ukraine have already adopted it, there is a huge potential as it applies mostly to residences and private buildings. This arrangement lets individuals invest a small amount to save their electricity expenses over the long term while supplying surplus electricity to the grid.

Austria: The key policy supporting renewable power generation is the Green Electricity Act, also known as Okostromgesetz, which was introduced in 2003, and resulted in the increased deployment of wind energy, biomass, and biogas facilities. However, due to budget restrictions and reduced guaranteed duration of support, the construction of renewable projects decreased significantly. To address this issue, the government amended the act in 2009, bringing longer support periods, revised and increased tariffs, and an increase in the overall budget. These amendments, coupled with a reduction in the cost of renewable technologies, stimulated new capacity additions.

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Belgium: The renewables market is mainly regulated at the regional level except for offshore power production and storage in the North Sea which is regulated by the federal government. Offshore renewable generation is supported through the federal system of green certificates. In 2019, the Belgium government revealed plans to introduce a competitive tendering process for new offshore wind farms. Due to unprecedented delays, there are no expected offshore wind capacity additions till possibly 2025.

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Czech Republic: The Energy Regulatory Office (ERU) is one of the major central authorities in the Czech Republic’s energy market. It is responsible for energy regulation in the Czech Republic. The ERU also monitors market compliance with the provisions of The Energy Act to protect customers’ interests in business activities in the electricity and gas sectors. The NECP and The State Energy Policy are the two major policies in the country that have set objectives and a roadmap for the development of the renewable power sector and to eventually achieve climate goals. The government offers Feed-in Tariff (FiT) or green bonus to support the development of renewable power plants.

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Denmark: The Danish Energy Agency (DEA), which was established in 1976 under the Ministry of Climate, Energy & Utilities, is responsible for energy production, supply, and consumption in the country. Since the global energy crisis of 1973, Denmark is focused on gaining energy security by strengthening their renewable energy policies. For that purpose, the country installed wind turbines in 1981 and introduced FITs for electricity production in 1993. In 2000, the Danish government replaced the feed-in tariff with a system of green certificates to ensure the expansion of the renewable energy sector. Moreover, in June 2018, the Danish government signed an energy agreement with unanimous support from all parties in the Danish parliament. This agreement constituted a framework for Denmark’s policy on climate and energy, up to 2020 and outlines further to 2050.

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Finland: The Energy Authority – ‘Energiavirasto’ is the primary authority for the implementation of Finland’s renewable energy policies and of the European Union’s (EU) directives related to renewable energy in the country. The Energy Authority conducts auctions for renewable power projects and governs the FIT in the country. The Energy Authority also manages the guarantee of origin system for renewable electricity and manages compliance with the sustainability of biofuels and fuel quality.

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Segments Covered in the Report

Europe Renewable Energy Policy Country-Level Outlook (2023)

  • Austria
  • Belgium
  • Croatia
  • Czech Republic
  • Denmark
  • Finland
  • France
  • Germany
  • Greece
  • Italy
  • Netherlands
  • Norway
  • Poland
  • Portugal
  • Romania
  • Russia
  • Spain
  • Sweden
  • Switzerland
  • Turkey
  • Ukraine
  • The UK

Scope

The report provides:

  • Policy measures and incentives are used by countries in the Europe region to promote renewable energy.
  • Promotional measures in the Europe region both for the overall renewable energy industry and for specific renewable energy technologies that have potential in the region.
  • Information on 22 major countries in the Europe region including Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, and Finland, among others.

Reasons to Buy

  • Develop business strategies with the help of specific insights about policy decisions being taken for different renewable energy sources.
  • Identify opportunities and challenges in exploiting various renewable technologies.
  • Compare the level of support provided to different renewable energy technologies in different countries in the region.
  • Be ahead of the competition by keeping yourself abreast of all the latest policy changes.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1 Europe Power Market, Regulatory Scenario

1.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

1.2 European Union Renewable Energy Targets

1.3 European Union Recovery and Resilience Facility (RFF)

1.4 Russian Sanctions

1.5 Auction Trends

2 Renewable Energy Policy, Austria

2.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

2.2 Policy Snapshot

2.3 Renewable Energy Targets

2.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030

2.5 Renewable Energy Expansion Act – Erneuerbaren-Ausbau-Gesetz (EAG)

2.6 Premium Tariff Auctions

Launch of first auction

2.7 Green Electricity Act

2.8 Rooftop Solar PV Subsidy

2.9 National Recovery and Resilience Plan – Green Transition

2.10 Hydrogen Energy

3 Renewable Energy Policy, Belgium

3.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

3.2 Policy Snapshot

3.3 Renewable Energy Targets

3.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030

3.5 National Recovery and Resilience Plan – Green Transition

3.6 Hydrogen Energy

Federal Hydrogen Vision and Strategy

3.7 Brussels Climate Plan

Draft Air, Climate and Energy Plan 2023-2027

3.8 Flanders Climate Plan

3.9 Wallonia Climate Plan

3.10 Green Certificates – Certificats Verts (CV)

Brussels

Flanders

Wallonia

3.11 Net Metering

Brussels

Flanders

Wallonia

3.12 Auctions

Offshore Wind Auctions

Green Electricity Call

3.13 Flanders Solar PV and Battery Storage Rebate

3.14 Energy Transition Fund

3.15 VAT reduction on Solar Panels

4 Renewable Energy Policy, Croatia

4.1 Energy Market, Overview

4.2 Policy Snapshot

4.3 Renewable Energy Targets

4.4 National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030

4.5 Croatia’s National Recovery and Resilience Plan 2021-2026

4.6 Premium Tariff support scheme

Auctions for premium tariffs

4.7 National Renewable Energy Action Plan, Croatia

4.8 The Environmental Protection Programme of the Croatian Bank for Reconstruction and Development HBOR

4.9 Energy Act

5 Renewable Energy Policy, Czech Republic

5.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

5.2 Renewable Energy Targets

5.3 Policy Snapshot

5.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021 – 2030

5.5 State Energy Policy (SEP)

5.6 Hydrogen Energy

5.7 Green Investment Scheme: New Green Savings Programme

5.8 Energy Management Act

5.9 Solar PV Rebates

5.10 Auctions

5.11 Tax Exemption for Renewable Energy Use

5.12 State Program to Promote Energy Savings and Use of Renewable and Secondary Energy Sources

5.13 National Recovery Plan

6 Renewable Energy Policy, Denmark

6.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

6.2 Policy Snapshot

6.3 Renewable Energy Targets

6.4 Electricity Supply Act

6.5 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (Target 2020)

6.6 Draft-National Energy and Climate Plan (Target 2030)

6.7 Energy Strategy 2050

6.8 National Recovery and Resilience Plan – Green Transition

6.9 Hydrogen energy in Denmark

Green Hydrogen Hub

HyBalance’s PEM electrolysis Hydrogen plant

Energy Island Project

6.10 Promotion of Renewable Energy Act

Upcoming tenders for support to biogas and other green gas production

6.11 Auctions

Denmark Renewable Energy Auction, 2019

Mixed auction

Cross-border auctions

Solar auctions

Auctions Update

6.12 Net-metering

6.13 Loan guarantee for construction of wind energy plants

7 Renewable Energy Policy, Finland

7.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

7.2 Policy Snapshot

7.3 Renewable Energy Targets

7.4 National Energy and Climate Strategy of Finland for 2030

7.5 National Recovery and Resilience Plan – Green Transition

7.6 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030

7.7 Hydrogen Energy

7.8 Competitive Tender/ Auctions

First Round of Auctions

Upcoming Auctions and Latest Developments

7.9 Incentives for phasing out coal power

7.10 Energy Aid

7.11 Smart Metering in Finland

Smart Grids and Energy Markets program (SGEM)

7.12 Temporary Crisis Framework

7.13 Green Certificates

7.14 Guarantee of Origin

8 Renewable Energy Policy, France

8.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

8.2 Policy Snapshot

8.3 Renewable Energy Targets

8.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP)

8.5 National Recovery and Resilience Plan

8.6 Law on Energy Transition for Green Growth (LTECV)

8.7 France’s Multiannual Energy Programme (Programmationpluriannuelle de l’énergie or PPE)

8.8 The National Low-Carbon Strategy (stratégie nationale bas-carbone, (SNBC))

8.9 Hydrogen Energy

8.10 Current Support Environment (Incentives) for Renewable Energy in France

8.11 Feed-in Tariffs

Premium Tariffs

Latest Tariff Rates

8.12 Renewable Energy Tenders/Auctions

Offshore Wind

Auction Analysis

8.13 Green Innovation Funding Program

8.14 Renewable Energy Market Development

8.15 Tax Credit for Energy Transition (CITE)

8.16 Reduced VAT for Residential Renewable Energy Equipment

9 Renewable Energy Policy, Germany

9.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

9.2 Policy Snapshot

9.3 Renewable Energy Targets

9.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP), 2021-2030

9.5 Renewable Energy Act (ErneuerbareEnergienGesetz – EEG)

EEG 2023

9.6 Coal Exit Law

9.7 Nuclear Phase Out

9.8 Wind Power Development

Onshore Wind Energy Act

Offshore Wind Energy Act (WindSeeG)

9.9 Solar PV Development

Rooftop Feed-in Tariff (FiT)

Tenant’s Solar Power Supply

9.10 Omnibus Energy Act

9.11 Renewable Energy Auctions

Solar PV

Onshore wind

Offshore Wind

Biomass

Innovation Tender

Joint Auctions for Onshore Wind and Solar Power Projects

9.12 National Hydrogen Strategy

10 Renewable Energy Policy, Greece

10.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

10.2 Energy Policy, Greece

10.3 Renewable Energy Targets

10.4 Coal Phase Out Target

10.5 Nuclear Phase Out

10.6 Wind Power Development

10.7 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030

10.8 Policy Snapshot

10.9 Hydrogen Energy

10.10 Generation of Electricity using Renewable Energy Sources (RES) Law

10.11 ETMEAR Levy

10.12 Renewable Energy Auctions

10.13 Climate Law 4936/2022

10.14 Net Metering

Virtual Net Metering

11 Renewable Energy Policy, Italy

11.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

11.2 Policy Snapshot

11.3 Renewable Energy Targets

11.4 National Energy Strategy 2030

11.5 National Recovery and Resilience Plan

11.6 National Integrated Plan for Climate and Energy 2030

11.7 Hydrogen Energy

11.8 Feed-in Tariff

11.9 Renewable Auctions

Regulations

Results

Auction Analysis

11.10 Incentive for Solar-Plus-Storage

11.11 Net-Metering Scheme

11.12 New Regulation to Promote Solar and Renewables in Non-Interconnected Islands

11.13 Tax Regulation Mechanism I

11.14 Tax Regulation Mechanism II

11.15 D.L. Energia

11.16 Regional and Municipal level policy/incentives

Abruzzo

Aosta Valley

Basilicata

Bologna

Calabria

Campania

Emilia Romagna

Friuli-Venezia Giulia

Lazio

Liguria

Lombardy

Marche

Molise

Piemonte

Puglia

Sardinia

Sicily

Tuscany

Umbria

Veneto

12 Renewable Energy Policy, Netherlands

12.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

12.2 Policy Snapshot

12.3 Renewable Energy Targets

12.4 Hydrogen Energy

Dutch Hydrogen Strategy

Hydrogen Programme

Porthos

PosHYdon

Magnum Project

12.5 National Climate Agreement

12.6 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030

12.7 Recovery and Resilience Plan – Green Transition

12.8 Offshore Wind Energy Act

12.9 Offshore Wind Energy 2030 Roadmap

12.10 Offshore Wind Auctions

12.11 Top Sector Energie (TSE) – the Support Scheme for Innovative Energy Projects

12.12 Feed-in Premium Program – SDE+ and SDE++

12.13 Net-Metering

12.14 “Terugleversubsidie” – Phasing out Net-Metering

12.15 Energy Investment Allowance (EIA) scheme

12.16 Environmental investment allowance – milieu-investeringsaftrek (MIA) and Vamil: Tax Relief Schemes

13 Renewable Energy Policy, Norway

13.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

13.2 Policy Snapshot

13.3 Renewable Energy Targets

13.4 Energy Act

13.5 National Climate Plan

Norway’s long-term low-emission strategy for 2050

13.6 Climate Change Act

13.7 Hydrogen Energy

13.8 Auctions

13.9 Guarantees of Origin (GO)

13.10 Energi21

13.11 Watercourse Regulation Act

13.12 Waterfall Rights Act

13.13 Act on Offshore Renewable Energy Production (The Offshore Energy Act)

13.14 Green Recovery Package

13.15 Green Conversion Package

14 Renewable Energy Policy, Poland

14.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

14.2 Policy Snapshot

14.3 Poland Energy Policy 2040 (PEP2040/EPP2040)

14.4 Coal Phase Out

14.5 Geothermal Target

14.6 Energy Law Act

Quota System (Renewable Portfolio Standards)

14.7 Renewable Energy Sources Act (RES Act)

Amendments under the RES Act

Distance Act

14.8 Auction-based Feed-in Tariff (FIT)/Feed-in Premium (FIP) Results

Renewable Energy Auction Plan -2022

Renewable Energy Auction Plan -2021

14.9 Financial Incentives

BOCIAN-support for distributed energy sources

Green Investment Scheme

Certification-based Investment Scheme

Solar Rebate Scheme ‘Mój Prąd’ or ‘My Electricity’, 2019

15 Renewable Energy Policy, Portugal

15.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

15.2 Policy Snapshot

15.3 Renewable Energy Targets

15.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030

15.5 Roadmap to Carbon Neutrality – Roteiro para a Neutralidade Carbónica (RNC2050)

15.6 Green Growth Commitment 2030

15.7 Hydrogen Energy

The National Hydrogen Strategy (EN-H2)

15.8 Renewable Energy Auctions

Recent developments

Auction for floating solar PV capacity 2021 – 2022

Second round Solar PV auction 2020

First Round Solar PV Auctions 2019

Upcoming auctions

15.9 Guaranteed Remuneration Scheme for Small Generators

15.10 Exception from Clawback Mechanism

15.11 Portugal’s recovery and resilience plan

15.12 Small Investments in Agricultural Exploration programme

16 Renewable Energy Policy, Romania

16.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

16.2 Policy Snapshot

16.3 Renewable Energy Targets

16.4 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030

16.5 Hydrogen Energy

16.6 Coal Phase Out

16.7 Renewable Energy Law

16.8 Government Emergency Ordinance no. 163/2022 (GEO)

16.9 Emergency Ordinance no. 143/2021

16.10 Government Emergency Ordinance no. 24/2017

16.11 National Strategy for Sustainable Development 2030

16.12 Quota System

16.13 CfD Scheme

16.14 EU’s Modernization Fund

16.15 Recovery and Resilience Plan – Green Transition

17 Renewable Energy Policy, Russia

17.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

17.2 Impact of Russia – Ukraine Crisis 2022

17.3 Policy Snapshot

17.4 Renewable Energy Targets

17.5 Decree No. 449 on the Mechanism for the Promotion of Renewable Energy

17.6 Auction Process and Localization Requirements

17.7 Renewable Energy Auctions

17.8 The Russian Federation Renewable Energy Program

17.9 Energy Strategy of the Russian Federation to 2035

17.10 Premium and Certificates Scheme

17.11 Hydrogen Energy in the Russian Federation

Hydrogen roadmap 2024

17.12 The Russian Federation’s Climate Plan

18 Renewable Energy Policy, Spain

18.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

18.2 Policy Snapshot

18.3 Renewable Energy Targets

18.4 Electricity Law 24/2013

18.5 Royal Decree-Law 23/2020

18.6 Climate Change and Energy Transition (Law 7/2021)

18.7 The National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP) 2021-2030

18.8 National Recovery and Resilience Plan – Green Transition

18.9 Hydrogen Energy

The Spanish Measure

18.10 The Royal Decree Law 13/2012

18.11 The Royal Decree Law 29/2012

18.12 The Royal Decree Law 9/2013

18.13 Royal Decree 110/2015

18.14 Suspension of Solar Power Tax

18.15 Feed-in Premiums

18.16 Renewable Auctions

Auction Analysis

18.17 The Institute for the Diversification and Saving of Energy (IDAE)

18.18 Grid Connection of Small Wind Turbines

18.19 Roadmap for the Development of Offshore Wind and Marine Energy.

19 Renewable Energy Policy, Sweden

19.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

19.2 Policy Snapshot

19.3 Renewable Energy Targets

19.4 Climate Act and Climate Policy Framework

19.5 National Energy and Climate Plan (NECP)

19.6 National Recovery and Resilience Plan

19.7 Hydrogen Energy

19.8 Green Certificate Scheme

Quota Obligation

19.9 Solar Rebate Scheme

19.10 Cancellation of Solar Tax for Commercial PV

19.11 Energy Tax relief

19.12 Removal of the Building Permit for Solar Systems

19.13 Reduction in Connections Costs for Offshore Wind Power

19.14 Carbon Tax

19.15 Coal Phase Out

19.16 The Swedish Energy Research and Innovation Program

19.17 Sweden’s Budget

20 Renewable Energy Policy, Switzerland

20.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

20.2 Policy Snapshot

20.3 Renewable Energy Targets

20.4 Electricity Supply Act (ESA)

20.5 Federal Act – Secure Electricity Supply for Renewables

20.6 Law on Renewable Energy Targets

20.7 Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC) to the Paris Agreement

20.8 Energy Strategy 2050

Measures for increasing energy efficiency

Measures for the development of renewable energies

Measures with respect to electricity grids

Further measures

20.9 Hydrogen Energy

20.10 COVID 19 Green Recovery and Solar PV Rebate Program

20.11 Energy Research Program

20.12 Swiss Energy Research for the Energy Transition (SWEET)

20.13 Risk Guarantee Scheme for Geothermal Power Projects

20.14 Floating Market Premiums

20.15 Compensatory feed-in remuneration at cost (KEV)

20.16 Auctions

21 Renewable Energy Policy, Turkey

21.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

21.2 Policy Snapshot

21.3 Renewable Energy Target

21.4 Electricity Market Law

21.5 Omnibus Law

21.6 National Renewable Energy Action Plan (NREAP)

21.7 Act No. 5346 – Utilization of Renewable Energy Sources

21.8 The Presidential Decree Number 1044

21.9 Nationally Determined Condition (INDC)

21.10 COP24

21.11 Law on Geothermal Sources and Natural Mineral Water

21.12 Feed-in-Tariff

21.13 YEKDEM

21.14 Auctions

21.15 Income Tax Credit

21.16 Renewable Energy Zones (YEKA-Scheme)

21.17 Hydrogen Energy

21.18 Electricity Market Licensing Regulation

Amendments to Electricity Market Licensing Regulation

21.19 Clean Technology Fund (CTF)

22 Renewable Energy Policy, UK

22.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

22.2 Policy Snapshot

22.3 Renewable Energy Targets

22.4 Electricity Market Reform 2011

22.5 Climate Change Act

Amendment 2019

22.6 The Clean Growth Strategy and Clean Growth Grand Challenge

22.7 Carbon Reduction target 2030

22.8 Hydrogen Policy in the UK

Overview

The Prime Minister’s Ten Point Plan 2020

Hydrogen Strategy

Powering our Net Zero Future: White Paper

Sixth Carbon Budget Report issued by the Climate Change Committee

22.9 Renewable Energy Guarantees of Origin

22.10 Renewable Obligation Order

22.11 Contracts for Difference (CfD)

22.12 Impact of Brexit on UK energy Industry

22.13 Carbon Emissions Tax 2018

22.14 Carbon Price Floor (CPF)

22.15 Carbon Price Support

22.16 Climate Change Levy

22.17 Smart Metering

22.18 Smart Export Guarantee (SEG)

22.19 Strategies and legislation in Northern Ireland, Scotland, and Wales

Northern Ireland

Scotland

Wales

22.20 Review of Electricity Market Arrangements (REMA)

22.21 British Energy Security Strategy

Package of support for innovative energy

23 Renewable Energy Policy, Ukraine

23.1 Renewable Energy Market, Overview

23.2 Policy Snapshot

23.3 Renewable Energy Targets

23.4 Ukraine’s Electricity Market Law (Law no 4493)

23.5 Impact of Russia – Ukraine Crisis 2022

23.6 Ukraine’s Energy Strategy, 2035

23.7 Law on Alternative Energy Sources

23.8 Feed-in Tariff Program and the Green Tariff Law

23.9 Auctions for Renewable Energy Projects

23.10 Net Metering

23.11 Recovery and Resilience Plan

23.12 Emission Reduction Plan

23.13 Tax Incentives

24 Appendix

24.1 Abbreviations

24.2 Market Definitions

Power

Renewable Power

Installed Capacity

Electricity Generation

Electricity Consumption

24.3 Methodology

Coverage

Secondary Research

Primary Research

Modelling and Forecasting

Contact Us

Table

List of Tables

Table 1: Renewable Energy Policy, Europe, 2022

Table 2: Renewable Energy Target, NECP, EU, 2030

Table 3: Policy Snapshot, Austria, 2022

Table 4: Main Objectives of the NECP, Austria, 2021-2030

Table 5: Policy Snapshot, Belgium, 2022

Table 6: Indicative Targets for Renewable Power Generation, GWh, Belgium, 2030

Table 7: Federal Hydrogen Strategy Measures, Belgium, 2022

Table 8: Renewable Auctions, Green Electricity Call, Flanders, Belgium, 2022

Table 9: Policy Snapshot, Croatia, 2022

Table 10: National Energy and Climate Plan, Croatia, 2021-2030

Table 11: Premium Tariffs, Auction, Croatia, 2022

Table 12: Renewable Energy, Croatia, Capacity targets, 2020

Table 13: Renewable Energy Targets, Czech Republic

Table 14: Policy Snapshot, Czech Republic, 2022

Table 15: Policy Snapshot, Denmark, 2022

Table 16: National Energy and Climate Plan, Denmark, 2021-2030

Table 17: Renewable Energy Auctions, Denmark, 2016-2019

Table 18: Renewable Energy Auctions, Denmark, 2019

Table 19: Denmark, Results of Renewable Auctions, 2018

Table 20: Net-metering Criteria for Different Renewable Technologies, Denmark

Table 21: Policy Snapshot, Finland, 2022

Table 22: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Finland, 2021-2030

Table 23: First Renewable Energy Auction, Finland, 2019

Table 24: Policy Snapshot, France, 2022

Table 25: Renewable Energy, Policy Environment Summary, France

Table 26: Targets under NECP, France, 2021 to 2030

Table 27: Renewable Energy, Multiannual Energy Programme (PPE), France, 2020

Table 28: GHG Emission Estimates under SNBC 2, France, 2019-2033

Table 29: Renewable Energy, Overview of Current Support Schemes, France, 2021

Table 30: Renewable Energy, Premium Tariffs Eligibility Criteria, France

Table 31: Renewable Energy, Feed-in Tariffs and Premiums, Solar PV, France, 2022

Table 32: Renewable Energy, Awarded Renewable Energy Auctions, France, 2017-2022

Table 33: Renewable Energy, Announced Renewable Energy Auctions, France, 2022-2027

Table 34: Policy Snapshot, Germany, 2022

Table 35: Renewable Energy Targets, Germany, 2030

Table 36: Feed-in Tariff (FiT), Rooftop Solar PV, Germany, 2022

Table 37: Solar PV Auction Results, Germany, 2018 – 2022

Table 38: Solar PV Upcoming Auctions, Germany, 2023

Table 39: Rooftop Solar PV Auction Results, Germany, 2021 – 2022

Table 40: Solar PV Upcoming Auctions, Germany, 2023

Table 41: Onshore Auction Results, Germany, 2018 – 2022

Table 42: Onshore Wind Auctions, Germany, 2023

Table 43: Offshore Auction Results, Germany, 2017 – 2022

Table 44: Offshore Wind Auctions, Germany, 2023

Table 45: Biomass Auction Results, Germany, 2018 – 2022

Table 46: Biomass Auctions, Germany, 2023

Table 47: Innovation Tender Auctions, Germany, 2020 – 2022

Table 48: Innovation Tender Auctions, Germany, 2023

Table 49: Germany, Joint Auction Results, 2018-2020

Table 50: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Greece, 2021-2030

Table 51: Policy Snapshot, Greece, 2022

Table 52: Renewable Energy Auctions, Greece, 2018-2021

Table 53: Policy Snapshot, Italy, 2022

Table 54: Power Market, Italy, Primary Objectives on Energy and Climate, EU, and Italy, 2020 & 2030

Table 55: Renewable Auction Results, Category A, Italy, 2019-2023

Table 56: Renewable Auction Results, Category B and Category C, Italy, 2019-2022

Table 57: Renewable Generation Target (TWh), Sicily, 2030

Table 58: Renewable Power Targets (MW), Sicily, 2030

Table 59: Policy Snapshot, Netherlands, 2022

Table 60: Targets/Ambitions for Renewable Energy Generation (TWh), Netherlands, 2030

Table 61: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Netherlands, 2021-2030

Table 62: Offshore Wind Auctions (EUR/MWh and $/MWh), Netherlands, 2016-2027

Table 63: Schedule for Topsector Energie subsidy programme, Netherlands, 2022-2023

Table 64: Eligible Technologies for the SDE++ Subsidy Scheme, Netherlands, 2022

Table 65: SDE++ Subsidy Scheme Tender Details, Netherlands, 2022

Table 66: Policy Snapshot, Norway, 2022

Table 67: Policy Snapshot, Poland, 2022

Table 68: Renewable Energy Auctions, Poland, 2018-2022

Table 69: Renewables Capacity Allocations through Auctions, 2021

Table 70: Policy Snapshot, Portugal, 2022

Table 71: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Portugal, 2021-2030

Table 72: Major targets, RNC 2050, Portugal

Table 73: Floating Solar PV Auction, Portugal, 2022

Table 74: Floating Solar PV Auction Result, Portugal, 2022

Table 75: Second Round Solar PV Auction Result, Portugal, 2020

Table 76: Renewable Energy Auctions, Portugal, 2019-2022

Table 77: First Round Solar PV Auction Result, Portugal, 2019

Table 78: Policy Snapshot, Romania, 2022

Table 79: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Romania, 2021-2030

Table 80: Allocation of Green Certificates, Romania, 2022

Table 81: Policy Snapshot, The Russian Federation, 2022

Table 82: Renewable Power Capacity Addition Targets by Technology (MW), 2021-2024

Table 83: Minimum Local Content Requirement (%), Russian Federation, 2014-2021

Table 84: Minimum Local Content Requirement (%), Russian Federation, 2021-2024

Table 85: Renewable Energy Auction, Russian Federation, 2013- 2021

Table 86: Electricity Generation (GWh) outlook according to Draft ES-2035, Russian Federation

Table 87: Policy Snapshot, Spain, 2022

Table 88: Main Objectives of the NECP, Spain, 2021-2030

Table 89: Targets under EU Hydrogen Strategy and Spain’s Hydrogen Roadmap, 2020-2050

Table 90: Renewable Energy Auctions, Spain, 2016-2022

Table 91: Funds allocated by IDAE by technology (in EURM), Spain, 2021-2030

Table 92: Policy Snapshot, Sweden, 2022

Table 93: Energy and Emission Targets, NECP, Sweden

Table 94: Renewable Energy Quota Obligation (MWh), Sweden, 2019-2035

Table 95: Policy Snapshot, Switzerland, 2022

Table 96: SWEET Call for Proposals- Overview

Table 97: Policy Snapshot, Turkey, 2022

Table 98: Renewable Energy Targets, Turkey, 2023

Table 99: Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariffs, Turkey, 2021

Table 100: Renewable Energy Auctions, Turkey, 2017-2022

Table 101: Policy Snapshot, United Kingdom, 2022

Table 102: Renewable Obligation, Technology Eligibility, UK

Table 103: Renewable Obligation, Technology Eligibility, UK

Table 104: Renewable Obligation (ROC/MWh), UK, 2009-2023

Table 105: Renewable Energy, CfD First Allocation Round Results, UK, 2015

Table 106: Renewable Energy, CfD Second Allocation Round Results, UK, 2017

Table 107: Renewable Energy, CfD Third Allocation Round Results, UK, 2019

Table 108: Renewable Energy, CfD Fourth Allocation Round Results, UK, 2022

Table 109: Renewable Energy, CfD Fifth Allocation Round Schedule, UK, 2023

Table 110: Climate Change Levy (GBP/kWh or /kg), UK, 2016-2021

Table 111: Percentage Discount for CCA holders (%), UK, 2016-2021

Table 112: Carbon Price Support Rates* for Climate Change Levy, UK, 2015-2021

Table 113: Smart Export Guarantee Tariff, UK, 2022

Table 114: Policy Snapshot, Ukraine, 2022

Table 115: Feed-in Tariff (EUR/KWh), Ukraine, 2022

Table 116: Abbreviations

Figures

List of Figures

Figure 1: Renewable Auctions, Budget ($M) vs Allocation ($M), Flanders, Belgium, 2021-2022

Figure 2: Solar PV Auctions, Flanders, Belgium, 2021-2022

Figure 3: Solar PV Prices, Flanders, Belgium, 2021-2022

Figure 4: Renewable Auctions, Auctioned Capacity (MW) Vs. Awarded Capacity (MW), France, 2017-2022

Figure 5: Renewable Auctions, Awarded Capacity (MW) by Technology, France, 2017-2022

Figure 6: Solar PV Auctions, Germany, 2018-2022

Figure 7: Onshore Wind Auctions, Germany, 2018-2022

Figure 8: Biomass Auctions, Germany, 2018-2022

Figure 9: Renewable Auctions, Category A, Auctioned Capacity Vs. Awarded Capacity, Italy, 2019-2022

Figure 10: Renewable Auctions, Category A, Awarded Capacity by Technology, Italy, 2019-2023

Figure 11: Renewable Auctions, Auctioned Capacity Vs. Awarded Capacity, Spain, 2016-2022

Figure 12: Renewable Auctions, Solar PV and Onshore Wind, Spain, 2021-2022

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