Myasthenia Gravis – Opportunity Analysis and Forecasts to 2028

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Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare chronic autoimmune and neuromuscular disorder. Most patients experience weakness of the muscles around the eye, which can cause drooping of the eyelids and blurred vision. In other types of MG, weakness can extend to other muscles and cause respiratory difficulties that require immediate attention to ensure the survival of the patient. Most cases of MG affect the eyes, and subtypes of MG are defined according to the severity of muscular weakness and patients’ response to pharmacotherapy. Patients who are non-refractory respond to first-line treatment options and find these drugs provide sufficient management of the disease. Refractory patients on the other hand have difficulty with first-line therapies and require more aggressive treatment strategies to mitigate symptoms. Ocular or Class I MG affects only the muscles around the eye. The level of weakness can be mild, moderate or pronounced. Generalized or Class II-V MG can include weakness of ocular muscles in addition to other muscles around the body.
The subtypes of MG included in this report are: Non-refractory Ocular MG, Non-refractory Class II-V MG, Refractory Ocular MG and Refractory Class II-V MG
The most prevalent form of MG is non-refractory class II-V MG. Across the 7MM there are few approved therapies for MG.
Patients are first treated with Mestinon (pyridostigmine bromide). The autoimmune component of the disease is generally treated with immunosuppressants such as azathioprine and cyclosporine. These drugs are not effective for all patients, may be carcinogenic or teratogenic and can take several months to exhibit therapeutic effects. Steroids such as prednisone are commonly used for all types of MG, but side effects include potential blindness, hypertension and diabetes and so there is significant unmet needs for MG pharmacotherapy for safe, effective and affordable therapies. Soliris (eculizumab) was the first biologic approved for MG and while its use has been successful, the annual cost of therapy is $678,392. This substantially restricts access, leaving many refractory patients with uncontrolled myasthenia, significantly reducing their quality of life.
GlobalData estimates that drug sales for MG in 2018 were approximately $836.5M across the seven major markets (US, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, Japan) covered in this report. Over the 10-year forecast period, the market is expected to grow to $1.9B at a CAGR of 8.7%. This growth will be driven by the launch of eight late-stage pipeline products. The two highest selling drugs are expected to be Ra Pharma’s zilucoplan and Alexion’s ravulizumab, which address some of the clinical unmet needs in the market.
Key Questions Answered in This Report
What were the key MG treatments in 2018?
When will the late stage pipeline products launch in each of the 7MM?
How will the late-stage pipeline agents affect drug sales in the 7MM?
Which unmet needs will remain unaddressed in the forecast period and what opportunities remain for pharmaceutical companies?

Scope

Overview of MG, including epidemiology, etiology, pathophysiology, symptoms, diagnosis, and disease management.

Annualized MG therapeutics market revenue, cost of therapy per patient, and treatment usage patterns in four patient segments (non-refractory ocular MG, non-refractory class II-V MG, refractory ocular MG and refractory class II-V MG) forecast from 2018 to 2028.

Key topics covered include strategic competitor assessment, market characterization, unmet needs, clinical trial mapping and implications for the MG therapeutics market

Pipeline analysis: comprehensive data assessing emerging trends and mechanisms of action under development for MG therapy. The most promising candidates in Phase II-b and Phase III stages of development are profiled.

Analysis of the current and future market competition in the global MG therapeutics market. Insightful review of the key industry drivers, restraints and challenges. Each trend is independently researched to provide qualitative analysis of its implications.

Key Highlights

The MG market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 8.7% from 2018 to 2028, reaching a global value of $1.9 billion.

There are currently only two approved therapies in the US and 5EU (France, Germany, Italy, Spain and UK) and these are Mestinon and Soliris. Mestinon is not effective in many patients with MG caused by immunological dysfunction. Soliris is priced at $678,392 in the US and is unaffordable for most healthcare systems. Three drugs are approved for MG in Japan. Mestinon, Soliris and tacrolimus which is an immunosuppressant approved for specific cases of refractory MG. The major unmet needs are reducing costs of therapy and medicines with an improved side effect profile as steroids which are commonly used are associated with undesirable outcomes if used on a chronic basis.

Other unmet needs include updating treatment guidelines and identifying biomarkers which may guide treatment regimens for refractory patients, reducing the potential cost of therapy also.

KOLs were impressed by the diversity of the MG pipeline and favored complement inhibition as a mechanism of action. Biologics and immunosuppressants were viewed as the most promising with the novel mechanisms of action utilized by monoclonal antibodies ARGX-113 and rozanolixizumab being seen as a viable strategy for refractory patients.

Clinical trial data is lacking for MG and drug developers are focusing more on testing pipeline therapeutics vigorously in both healthy participants and patients with specific types of MG.

Dosing arrangements are expected to be challenging as weight-based dosing is used for intravenous agents, which also require patients to be in a clinical setting to receive treatment. This is an unmet need of MG pharmacotherapy which will be addressed by three pipeline agents. The distinguishing factor of zilucoplan, the top-selling pipeline agent, is that the subcutaneous route of administration and efficacy will allow patients to have greater control over their treatment regimen.

High patient share is attainable for efficacious products released in the 7MM, regardless of whether launch is early in the forecast window or in later years.

High costs of therapy associated with biologics are expected to remain an unmet need throughout the forecast window and beyond.

Reasons to Buy

The report will enable you to:

Develop and design your in-licensing and out-licensing strategies through a review of pipeline products and technologies, and by identifying the companies with the most robust pipeline.

Develop business strategies by understanding the trends shaping and driving the global MG therapeutics market.

Drive revenues by understanding the key trends, innovative products and technologies, market segments, and companies likely to impact the global MG therapeutics market in the future.

Formulate effective sales and marketing strategies by understanding the competitive landscape and by analysing the performance of various competitors.

Identify emerging players with potentially strong product portfolios and create effective counter-strategies to gain a competitive advantage.

Organize your sales and marketing efforts by identifying the market categories and segments that present maximum opportunities for consolidations, investments and strategic partnerships.

Ra Pharma
Catalyst Pharma
Alexion
UCB
Argenx
Grifols
Kansas University Medical Center
Novartis
CuraVac
Millennium Pharma
Immunovant
Momenta Pharma
GT Biopharma
Alpha Cancer Technologies
KIMS Pharma
Bristol-Myers Squibb

Table of Contents

1 Table of Contents

1.1 List of Tables

1.2 List of Figures

2 Myasthenia Gravis: Executive Summary

2.1 MG Market Is Expected to Grow to $1.9B by 2028

2.2 Potential for Label Expansion for Immunosuppressants and Anti-Myasthenic Agents

2.3 Treatment-Related Costs Pose a Threat to Patient Compliance Rates

2.4 Steroid-Sparing Immunosuppressive Strategies Increasingly Favored by Clinicians and Patients

2.5 Complement Inhibitors Zilucoplan and Ravulizumab to Be Top-Selling Drugs in 2028

2.6 What Do Physicians Think?

3 Introduction

3.1 Catalyst

3.2 Related Reports

4 Disease Overview

4.1 Etiology and Pathophysiology

4.1.1 Etiology

4.1.2 Pathophysiology

4.2 Classification or Staging Systems

5 Epidemiology

5.1 Disease Background

5.2 Risk Factors and Comorbidities

5.3 Global and Historical Trends

5.4 Forecast Methodology

5.4.1 Sources Used

5.4.1 Forecast Assumptions and Methods

5.4.2 Forecast Assumptions – Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MG

5.4.3 Forecast Assumptions and Methods – Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MG by Severity

5.5 Epidemiological Forecast for Myasthenia Gravis (2018-2028)

5.5.1 Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MG

5.5.2 Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Myasthenia Gravis

5.5.3 Sex-Specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Myasthenia Gravis

5.5.4 Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of Myasthenia Gravis by Severity

5.6 Discussion

5.6.1 Epidemiological Forecast Insight

5.6.2 Limitations of Analysis

5.6.3 Strengths of Analysis

6 Current Treatment Options

6.1 Overview

6.2 Reversible Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitors

6.3 Immunosuppressants

6.3.1 Azathioprine and Cyclosporine

6.3.2 Tacrolimus

6.4 Steroids

6.4.1 Glucocorticosteroid Receptor Agonists

6.4.2 Spironolactone

6.5 Monoclonal Antibodies

6.5.1 Rituxan/MabThera

6.5.2 Soliris

6.6 Non-pharmacotherapeutic Management of MG

6.6.1 Thymectomy

6.6.2 Intravenous Immunoglobulin and Plasmapheresis

6.7 Treatment Algorithms for Difficult-to-Treat Patients

7 Unmet Needs and Opportunity Assessment

7.1 Overview

7.2 Greater Control over Treatment-Related Costs Blocking Access to Essential Medicines

7.3 Making Frequency of Administration Manageable for Intravenous Agents

7.4 Standardization of Treatment Guidelines for Different Disease Subtypes

7.5 Identifying Prognostic Biomarkers for MG

8 R&D Strategies

8.1 Overview

8.1.1 Repurposing Immunosuppressive Therapies for MG

8.1.2 Drugs Targeting Specific Components of the Immune System

8.1.3 Targeting Comorbidities of MG

8.2 Clinical Trials Design

8.2.1 Overview

8.2.2 Investigating the Feasibility of Non-invasive Routes of Administration in Treating MG

8.2.3 Generating Reliable Clinical Data for Off-Label Therapeutics

8.2.4 Assessing the Long-Term Safety of Biologics in Treating Refractory MG

9 Pipeline Assessment

9.1 Overview

9.2 Innovative Early Stage Approaches

9.3 Other Drugs in Development

10 Pipeline Valuation Analysis

10.1 Clinical Benchmark of Key Pipeline Drugs

10.2 Commercial Benchmark of Key Pipeline Drugs

10.3 Competitive Assessment

10.4 Top-Line 10-Year Forecast

10.4.1 US

10.4.2 5EU

10.4.3 Japan

11 Appendix

11.1 Bibliography

11.2 Abbreviations

11.3 Methodology

11.3.1 Forecasting Methodology

11.3.2 Diagnosed Patients

11.3.3 Percent Drug-Treated Patients

11.3.4 Drugs Included in Each Therapeutic Class

11.3.5 Launch and Patent Expiry Dates

11.3.6 General Pricing Assumptions

11.3.7 Individual Drug Assumptions

11.3.8 Generic Erosion

11.3.9 Pricing of Pipeline Agents

11.4 Primary Research – KOLs Interviewed for This Report

11.4.1 KOLs

11.4.2 Payers

11.5 Primary Research – Prescriber Survey

11.6 About the Authors

11.6.1 Analyst

11.6.2 Therapy Area Director

11.6.3 Epidemiologist

11.6.4 Managing Epidemiologists

11.6.5 Global Director of Therapy Analysis and Epidemiology

11.6.6 Global Head and EVP of Healthcare Operations and Strategy

11.7 About GlobalData

11.8 Contact Us

11.9 Disclaimer

Table

Table 1: Myasthenia Gravis: Key Metrics in the 7MM

Table 2: MGFA Classification of MG

Table 3: Osserman Classification System

Table 4: Risk Factors and Comorbidities for MG

Table 5: Treatment Guidelines for MG in the 7MM

Table 6: Comparison of Therapeutic Classes in Development for MG, 2018–2028

Table 7: Innovative Early-Stage Approaches for MG, 2018

Table 8: Drugs in Development for MG, 2018

Table 9: Clinical Benchmark of Key Marketed and Pipeline Drugs – Synaptic Therapies Enhancing Neurotransmission of ACh in MG

Table 10: Clinical Benchmark of Key Marketed and Pipeline Drugs – Immunosuppressants in MG

Table 11: Commercial Benchmark of Key Marketed and Pipeline Drugs – Synaptic Therapies Enhancing Neurotransmission of ACh in MG.

Table 12: Commercial Benchmark of Key Marketed and Pipeline Drugs – Immunosuppressants in MG

Table 13: Key Events Impacting Sales for MG, 2018–2028

Table 14: MG Market – Global Drivers and Barriers, 2018–2028

Table 15: Key Historical and Projected Launch Dates for MG

Table 16: Key Historical and Projected Patent Expiry Dates for MG

Table 17: High-Prescribing Physicians (non-KOLs) Surveyed, By Country

Figures

Figure 1: Global Sales Forecast by Country for MG in 2018 and 2028

Figure 2: Competitive Assessment of the Marketed and Pipeline Drugs Benchmarked Against the SOC, Mestinon

Figure 3: Competitive Assessment of the Marketed and Pipeline Drugs Benchmarked Against the SOC, Soliris

Figure 4: AChR and MuSK Blocked by Autoantibodies at the Neuromuscular Junction in MG

Figure 5: 7MM, Diagnosed Prevalence of MG, %, Both Sexes, All Ages, 2018

Figure 6: 7MM, Sources Used and Not Used to Forecast the Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MG

Figure 7: 7MM, Sources Used to Forecast the Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MG by Severity

Figure 8: 7MM, Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MG, N, Both Sexes, All Ages, 2018

Figure 9: 7MM, Age-Specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MG, N, Both Sexes, All Ages, 2018

Figure 10: 7MM, Sex-Specific Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MG, N, All Ages, 2018

Figure 11: 7MM, Diagnosed Prevalent Cases of MG by Severity, N, Both Sexes, All Ages, 2018

Figure 12: Unmet Needs and Opportunities in MG

Figure 13: Overview of the Development Pipeline in MG

Figure 14: Key Phase II/III Trials for the Promising Pipeline Agents that GlobalData Expects to Be Licensed for MG in the 7MM, 2018–2028

Figure 15: Competitive Assessment of Firdapse, the Pipeline Therapy Enhancing Neurotransmission of ACh, Benchmarked Against the SOC, Mestinon

Figure 16: Competitive Assessment of the Pipeline Immunosuppressants Benchmarked Against the SOC, Soliris

Figure 17: Global (7MM) Sales Forecast by Country for MG, 2018 and 2028

Figure 18: Global Sales Forecast by Class for MG, 2018 and 2028

Figure 19: Sales Forecast by Class for MG in the US, 2018 and 2028

Figure 20: Sales Forecast by Class for MG in the 5EU, 2018 and 2028

Figure 21: Sales Forecast by Class for MG in Japan, 2018 and 2028

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