Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Epidemiology Analysis and Forecast to 2033

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Discovered in 1983, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is an RNA virus that reverse transcribes itself into the human host’s DNA and produces lifelong infection. HIV primarily infects cells with CD4+ antigen, such as T-cells and macrophages, two essential white blood cell types (Swinkels et al., 2024) During the acute stage of infection, HIV destroys these CD4+ cells, which allows for the transmission of the virus, opportunistic infections, and the eventual development of AIDS (NIH, 2021; NIH, 2024). Symptoms occur within four weeks of exposure and include flu-like symptoms such as fever, fatigue, muscle pain, rash, and headache. Symptoms last approximately 18 days before the onset of chronic infection (Swinkels et al., 2024). Chronic HIV infection is largely asymptomatic. If untreated, it will develop into AIDS after approximately 10 years. AIDS is defined by a CD4+ cell count below 200 cells per cubic millimeter of blood or the presence of AIDS-defining conditions, such as pulmonary candidiasis, primary lymphoma of the brain, or Kaposi sarcoma (NIH, 2024; Swinkels et al., 2024)
HIV transmission occurs via contact with bodily fluids, such as can occur during unprotected sex, childbirth and breastfeeding, intravenous drug use, and needle stick (NIH, 2024). At-risk populations for HIV include people who inject drugs (PWID), children of an HIV-positive birthing person, men who have sex with men (MSM), sex workers, institutionalized people such as prisoners, and gender-diverse people (Swinkels et al., 2024).

Scope

This report provides an overview of the risk factors, comorbidities, and the global and historical epidemiological trends for HIV in the seven major markets (7MM: US, France, Germany, Italy, Spain, UK, and Japan). It includes a 10-year epidemiological forecast for the total prevalent cases, diagnosed prevalent cases, and diagnosed incident cases of HIV segmented by age (<18 years, 18–29 years, and by 10-year age groups for 30 years up to 80 years and older) and sex. Additionally, this report provides a 10-year epidemiological forecast for the diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV on antiretroviral therapy (ART), segmented by age (<13 years, 13–17 years, and 18 years and older), as well as the diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV coinfected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV). Coverage of the prophylactic population by pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) is also provided throughout the forecast.

Key Highlights

GlobalData epidemiologists forecast that the total prevalent cases of HIV in the 7MM will increase from 2,134,989 cases in 2019 to 2,332,792 cases in 2029. Furthermore, GlobalData epidemiologists forecast that the diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV in the 7MM will increase from 1,871,183 cases in 2019 to 2,068,647 cases in 2029. Finally, GlobalData epidemiologists forecast that the diagnosed incident cases of HIV in the 7MM will increase from 65,128 cases in 2019 to 64,204 cases in 2029.

Reasons to Buy

The HIV Epidemiology series will allow you to –

Develop business strategies by understanding the trends shaping and driving the global HIV markets.

Quantify patient populations in the global HIV markets to improve product design, pricing, and launch plans.

Organize sales and marketing efforts by identifying the age groups and sex that present the best opportunities for HIV therapeutics in each of the markets covered.

Understand magnitude of the HIV population by age, sex, ART coverage, HBV/HCV co-infection, as well as PrEP and PEP coverage of the prophylactic population.

Table of Contents

Table of Contents

List of Tables

List of Figures

About GlobalData

1 Human Immunodeficiency Virus: Executive Summary

1.1 Catalyst

1.2 Related reports

1.3 Upcoming reports

2 Epidemiology

2.1 Disease background

2.2 Risk factors and comorbidities

2.3 Global and historical trends

2.3.1 Total prevalence of HIV

2.3.2 Diagnosed prevalence of HIV

2.3.3 Diagnosed incidence of HIV

2.4 7MM forecast methodology

2.4.1 Sources

2.4.2 Sources not used

2.4.3 Forecast assumptions and methods

2.4.4 Total prevalent cases of HIV

2.4.5 Diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV

2.4.6 Diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV with hepatitis B virus/hepatitis C virus coinfection

2.4.7 Diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV on antiretroviral treatment

2.4.8 Diagnosed incident cases of HIV

2.4.9 Prophylactic population on pre-exposure prophylaxis

2.4.10 Prophylactic population on post-exposure prophylaxis

2.5 Epidemiological forecast for HIV (2023–33)

2.5.1 Total prevalent cases of HIV

2.5.2 Diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV

2.5.3 Age-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV

2.5.4 Sex-specific diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV

2.5.5 Diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV with coinfection

2.5.6 Diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV on antiretroviral treatment

2.5.7 Diagnosed incident cases of HIV

2.5.8 Age-specific diagnosed incident cases of HIV

2.5.9 Sex-specific diagnosed incident cases of HIV

2.5.10 Prophylactic population on pre-exposure prophylaxis

2.5.11 Prophylactic population on post-exposure prophylaxis

2.6 Discussion

2.6.1 Epidemiological forecast insight

2.6.2 COVID-19 impact

2.6.3 Limitations of the analysis

2.6.4 Strengths of the analysis

3 Appendix

3.1 Bibliography

3.2 About the Authors

3.2.1 Epidemiologist

3.2.2 Reviewers

3.2.3 Vice President of Disease Analysis and Intelligence

3.2.4 Global Head and EVP of Healthcare Operations and Strategy

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Table

Table 1: Summary of newly added data types

Table 2: Summary of updated data types

Table 3: Risk factors and comorbidities for HIV

Figures

Figure 1: 7MM, total prevalent cases of HIV, both sexes, N, all ages, 2023 and 2033

Figure 2: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV, both sexes, N, all ages, 2023 and 2033

Figure 3: 7MM, diagnosed incident cases of HIV, both sexes, N, all ages, 2023 and 2033

Figure 4: 7MM, total prevalence of HIV, both sexes, %, all ages, 2013–33

Figure 5: 7MM, diagnosed prevalence of HIV, both sexes, %, all ages, 2013–33

Figure 6: 7MM, diagnosed incidence of HIV, both sexes, %, all ages, 2013–33

Figure 7: 7MM, sources used to forecast the total prevalent cases of HIV

Figure 8: 7MM, sources used to forecast the diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV

Figure 9: 7MM, sources used to forecast the diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV with HBV or HCV coinfection

Figure 10: 7MM, sources used to forecast the diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV on ART

Figure 11: 7MM, sources used to forecast the diagnosed incident cases of HIV in the 7MM

Figure 12: 7MM, sources used to forecast the population on PrEP in the 7MM

Figure 13: 7MM, sources used to forecast the PEP coverage in the 7MM

Figure 14: 7MM, total prevalent cases of HIV, N, both sexes, all ages, 2023

Figure 15: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV, N, both sexes, all ages, 2023

Figure 16: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV by age, N, both sexes, 2023

Figure 17: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV by sex, N, all ages, 2023

Figure 18: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV with HBV/HCV coinfection, N, both sexes, all ages, 2023

Figure 19: 7MM, diagnosed prevalent cases of HIV on ART, N, both sexes, all ages, 2023

Figure 20: 7MM, diagnosed incident cases of HIV, N, both sexes, all ages, 2023

Figure 21: 7MM, diagnosed incident cases by age, N, both sexes, 2023

Figure 22: 7MM, diagnosed incident cases of HIV by sex, all ages, 2023

Figure 23: 7MM, prophylactic population on PrEP, N, both sexes, all ages, 2023

Figure 24: 7MM, prophylactic population on PEP, N, both sexes, all ages, 2023

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