Hydrogen and CCUS Transport Networks: Low-carbon Hydrogen Market, Pipelines, Key Projects and Policies

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Pipelines are emerging as the most cost-efficient and scalable transport solution for both low-carbon hydrogen and CO2, particularly for long-distance, high-volume flows. However, deployment remains constrained by high capital intensity, regulatory fragmentation, provisional cross-border frameworks, and the fact that a significant share of projects remain at feasibility stage. As hydrogen export corridors and CCUS hub-and-cluster models evolve, transport infrastructure is increasingly recognised as the critical enabler – as well as a bottleneck – of market scale-up.

Global low-carbon hydrogen ambition remains high, but project delivery is sluggish, as 57% of the capacity slated for completion by 2030 is still in the feasibility stage and only 4% has reached construction. This underscores ongoing uncertainty around demand, financing conditions, and the timing of large-scale market take-off.

The CCUS market is scaling from a more established base, with over half of capacity targeted for completion by 2030 already in post-feasibility stages, with supportive policies – such as the expansion of 45Q tax credit in the US, and Europe’s Net-Zero Industry Act – accelerating project progression. However, longer-term expansion increasingly depends on the availability of shared transport and storage infrastructure.

As of Q1 2026, there are approximately 49 completed hydrogen pipeline projects globally, bringing the total length to ~3,778km. However, around 72% of the expected 2035 cumulative pipeline length remains at the feasibility stage, reflecting the fact that most large-scale hydrogen pipelines are still pre-FID and highly exposed to delivery risks, including financing constraints, spiraling project costs with inflation, and demand uncertainty.

CO2 pipelines are showing steady growth, with North America accounting for over 70% of active and upcoming pipeline length, driven by long-established domestic networks. Looking ahead, global CO2 pipeline growth will be moderated by the complexities of shared CO2 pipeline operation and uncertainty over responsibility for remediation across multi-user networks.

Scope

Global hydrogen outlook and trends

Breakdown of hydrogen capacity and hydrogen pipeline length by stage of development, country, and companies

Largest upcoming hydrogen pipeline projects

Outlook of implemented and upcoming hydrogen pipeline policies and initiatives

Global CCUS outlook and trends

Breakdown of CCUS capacity and CO2 pipeline length by stage of development, country, and companies

Largest upcoming CO2 pipeline projects

Outlook of implemented and upcoming CO2 pipeline policies and initiatives

Key Highlights

Based on active and announced projects, global low-carbon hydrogen capacity could reach up to ~82mtpa by 2030, indicating significant project ambition across regions. However, project progression remains slow, with around 57% of the expected 2030 capacity still in the feasibility stage.

The announced project pipeline suggests significant potential, with cumulative hydrogen pipeline length currently expected to reach almost 77,000 km by 2035, spread across ~210 projects, indicating strong long-term infrastructure ambition.

However, around 72% of the expected 2035 cumulative pipeline length remains at the feasibility stage, reflecting the fact that most large-scale hydrogen pipelines are still pre-FID and highly exposed to delivery risk.

Repurposing existing natural gas pipelines has emerged as a potential near-term strategy to accelerate rollout and reduce costs.

According to GlobalData, CCUS project count is set to grow from 141 in 2025 to ~806 in 2030, and 57% of the capacity targeting completion by 2030 is already post-feasibility.

Between 2025 and 2030, global CO2 pipeline lengths are set to grow at a CAGR of ~12%, driven by early-stage backbone networks linking industrial clusters to shared storage hubs.

Post-2032, a slight plateau emerges, reflecting limited visibility on late-decade projects and the longer planning, permitting, and capital timelines associated with large-scale CO2 transport infrastructure.

Reasons to Buy

Identify the market trends within the region and key players in hydrogen and CCUS technologies.

Develop market insight of current, in development, and announced capacity and latest trends of the sector.

Understand the region's different scenarios for 2030/2035 based on the likelihood of the H2 and CO2 pipelines.

Understand how and where the market is growing as pipelines scale to become a key technology for the global energy transition.

Identify the legislative framework in different regions for the development of H2 and CO2 pipelines.

NNPC Ltd
Office National des Hydrocarbures et des Mines
Bayerngas GmbH
OMV AG
Snam SpA
Bulgarian Energy Holding EAD
Enagas SA
First Gas Ltd
Snam SpA
National Grid Plc
Eni SpA
Cassa Depositi e Prestiti SpA
Engie SA
NV Nederlandse Gasunie
L'Air Liquide SA
Air Products and Chemicals Inc
Linde Inc
Linde plc
LetterOne Holdings SA
BASF SE
SEFE Securing Energy for Europe GmbH
Gazprom
China Petrochemical Corp
Redexis Gas SA
China National Petroleum Corp
Gasgrid Finland Oy
Vier Gas Transport GmbH
National Grid Plc
Summit Agricultural Group
Equinor ASA
Vier Gas Transport GmbH
Kinder Morgan Inc
BP Plc
Enagas SA
Santos Ltd
Exxon Mobil Corp
Kinder Morgan Inc
Denbury Inc
BP Plc
Tallgrass Development Lp
Tallgrass Energy LP
Santos Ltd
Denbury Onshore LLC
Chevron Corp
Summit Agricultural Group
Open Grid Europe GmbH
E.ON SE
Uniper SE
Equinor ASA
Cenovus Energy Inc
Shell plc
Wolf Midstream Inc

Table of Contents

Executive summary

The low-carbon hydrogen market

– Low-carbon hydrogen capacity outlook

– Regional and country-level low-carbon hydrogen outlook

– Key trends in the low-carbon hydrogen and derivatives market

Hydrogen pipelines

– Hydrogen pipeline outlook

– Key regions and countries pursuing hydrogen pipelines

– Hydrogen pipelines by start and end region

– Largest upcoming hydrogen pipelines globally

– Leading companies by hydrogen pipeline length

– New vs repurposed natural gas pipelines

– Hydrogen pipeline CAPEX trends

The CCUS market

– CCUS capacity outlook

– Regional and country-level CCUS outlook

– CCUS project type and end-purpose outlook

CO2 pipelines

– CO2 pipeline outlook

– Key regions and countries pursuing hydrogen pipelines

– Key regions and countries pursuing hydrogen pipelines

– CO2 pipelines by start and end region

– Largest upcoming CO2 pipelines globally

– Leading companies by CO2 pipeline length

Country-level hydrogen and CO2 pipelines policies and initiatives

– Europe

– North America

– Asia

– Middle East

– Oceania

– Africa

Table

Largest upcoming hydrogen pipelines globally

Largest upcoming CO2 pipelines globally

Key policies and initiatives in Asia

Key policies and initiatives in the Middle East

Key policies and initiatives in Oceania

Hydrogen transport international cooperation involving Africa

Figures

Global low-carbon hydrogen capacity by development stage, 2025-2030

Max low-carbon hydrogen capacity by region and development stage

Leading countries for max low-carbon hydrogen capacity by development stage

Breakdown of end-products based on active and announced projects

Breakdown of low-carbon hydrogen capacity by project type, 2025 vs 2030

Global hydrogen pipeline outlook, 2025-2035

Regional breakdown of hydrogen pipeline length across active and upcoming projects

Leading countries for hydrogen pipeline length across active and upcoming projects

Hydrogen pipeline projects by start and end region

Leading companies by length of active hydrogen pipelines

Leading companies by length of upcoming hydrogen pipelines

Breakdown of hydrogen pipeline length by type, 2025 vs 2035

Total hydrogen pipeline CAPEX investment by project type between 2025 and 2035

Leading companies by CAPEX spend for upcoming hydrogen pipelines

Global CCUS capacity by development stage, 2025-2030

Max annual CCUS capacity by region and development stage

Leading countries for max CCUS capacity by development stage

Cumulative CCUS projects by type and start year, 2025-2030

End-purpose of active and announced projects, 2025 vs 2030

Global CO2 pipeline outlook, 2025-2035

Regional breakdown of CO2 pipeline length across active and upcoming projects

Leading countries for CO2 pipeline length across active and upcoming projects

Leading companies by kilometers of active CO2 pipeline capacity

Leading companies by kilometers of upcoming CO2 pipeline capacity

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