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Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Prevalence by Country

Industry: Metabolic Disorders
Current: Market Sizing & Shares

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Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes: Prevalence by Country

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Type 1 Diabetes Overview

Type 1 diabetes (T1D), formerly referred to as insulin-dependent diabetes, a type of diabetes that predominantly develops in children or young adults before the age of 40 years. The condition is also referred to as juvenile diabetes.

T1D accounts for about 5–10% of all diabetes cases and occurs as a result of the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, which are responsible for producing insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar. If the condition is left untreated, blood sugar levels accumulate. In addition to the pancreas, high levels of blood sugar can damage other major organs, such as the heart, blood vessels, nerves, eyes, and kidneys. Such damages can be life-threatening. Thus, T1D has an immense impact on the physical, psychological, and social well-being of patients. Furthermore, research suggests that the incidence of T1D is increasing globally, which may lead to an increase in burden on healthcare resources.

Risk Factors and Comorbidities: Although T1D accounts for only about 10% of all diabetes cases, it is associated with tremendous psycho-social and economic burdens, as the condition typically affects individuals early in life and causes serious life-threatening complications. Despite the high burdens associated with T1D, the etiology of the condition is currently not well understood. Additionally, there are sparse data available on the risk factors associated with T1D. However, the available epidemiological literature suggests that young age, male sex, family history, less breast feeding, and a seasonal impact are putative risk factors for T1D. Given the limited number of studies that have reported definitive relationships between these risk factors and T1D, more epidemiological studies are needed to better understand the etiology of T1D. Autoimmune thyroiditis, celiac disease, eating disorders, and psychological disorders are considered to be comorbidities associated with T1D. However, data supporting these associations are also limited.

Total prevalent cases for Type 1 Diabetes (T1D)

The five major markets (5MM) of Europe, including Italy, the UK, Germany, France and Spain, had 1,618,060 prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes. With 2,246,945 cases, the US had the highest number of prevalent cases in 2020, followed by Brazil, Japan and Australia with 863,469, 287,929 and 188,252 prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes respectively in 2020.

Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases (N) for Type 1 Diabetes

The US with 1,755,328 cases had the largest number of diagnosed prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes in 2020. 5MM of Europe had a combined total of 1,272,767 diagnosed prevalent cases, followed by Brazil, Japan and Australia with 682,845, 230,220 and 146,776 diagnosed prevalent cases of type 1 diabetes, respectively in 2020.

Type 2 Diabetes Overview

Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus or adult-onset diabetes mellitus, is a chronic disorder of glucose equilibrium that results from the body’s inability to make use of available insulin along with relative insulin deficiency. T2D constitutes approximately 90–95% of all diabetes cases around the world while, type 1 diabetes (T1D) and gestational diabetes make up the remaining 5–10% of the cases. Among adults only, T2D makes up at least 95% of all diabetes cases. Worldwide, 8.8% of adults ages 20–79 years are estimated to have diabetes, and about 75% live in low- and middle-income countries.

The prevalence of diabetes is expected to grow rapidly as it is associated with aging populations, increasing urbanization, economic development, and the increase in the prevalence of risk factors like obesity, unhealthy dietary habits, and physical inactivity. Globally, diabetes is expected to be the seventh-leading cause of death in the world by 2030. Additionally, poorly managed diabetes leads to serious complications such as heart attack, stroke, kidney failure, leg amputation, vision loss, and nerve damage.

Risk Factors and Comorbidities: Risk factors for T2D are broadly categorized as modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Lifestyle factors such as obesity, physical inactivity, and dietary habits are modifiable risk factors, and can therefore be controlled or prevented. Non-modifiable risk factors such as race/ethnicity, family history, and advancing age can also put a person at high risk for developing the disease. T2D is also associated with several comorbidities, such as CKD, CVD, hypertension, and dyslipidemia, which can worsen the quality of life of the patient and can lead to poor therapeutic outcomes.

Total Diagnosed Prevalent Cases (N) for Type 2 Diabetes

In 2020, the US had the highest number of diagnosed prevalent cases for type 2 diabetes across all ages including men and women, having 21,979,727 cases. The lowest number of diagnosed prevalent cases for type 2 diabetes was recorded in Australia with 1,154,437 cases. The 5MM of Europe had 24,079,684 diagnosed prevalent cases of type 2 diabetes in 2020.

Impact of COVID-19

COVID-19 has negatively impacted the diabetes community, as COVID-19 patients with diabetes are at higher risk of developing more severe symptoms and have a higher fatality rate than patients without comorbidities. COVID-19 has also influenced the diabetes arena in the form of drug repurposing.

Diabetes drug trials that are being investigated in COVID-19 studies include AstraZeneca’s DARE-19 trial, the University of Milan’s SIDIACO trial, and the University of Miami’s study on the effects of DPP4 inhibition on COVID-19. AstraZeneca’s Farxiga is being investigated for the potential to reduce COVID-19 progression, complications, and all-cause mortality. Merck’s Januvia (sitagliptin) is being investigated to modulate the pulmonary inflammatory response in COVID-19 patients. Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly’s Tradjenta (linagliptin) are being investigated to reduce the severity of the COVID-19 infection.