Indonesia External Debt as a % of GDP Highlights in 2020
Indonesia’s external debt as a % of GDP Debt hit 38.5% in 2020, an increase of 10.0% over the previous year. Between 2010 to 2020, Indonesia’s external debt as a % of GDP increased by 43.5%.
According to the IMF, Indonesia’s general government gross debt increased from 39.8% of GDP in 2020 to 42.8% of GDP in 2021. To mitigate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, the government implemented a series of stimulus measures from March 2020 onwards, which are equivalent to 7.8% of GDP as of April 2022. According to the IMF, the country’s general government gross debt is expected to be 42.7% of GDP in 2022. High debt levels could lead to increased financial obligations for the country, which is an area of concern.
Outlook on Global Economy
Real GDP is measured using inflation-adjusted base year prices. Real GDP changes are a measure of economic growth and show whether there has been an increase or decrease in the volume of economic activity.
According to real GDP, the world's top five economies are the United States, China, Japan, Germany, and India. After the US, China had the largest real GDP in 2021 with a value of $12.7 trillion in 2021. With a $6 trillion real GDP during the same period, Japan came in third place globally. Germany and India are the other two largest leading economies, with real GDPs of $3.8 trillion and $2.9 trillion, respectively.
Factors Affecting the Global Economy
A rise in COVID-19 cases:
As a result of Omicron, a new variant of COVID-19, more cases have been reported worldwide, resulting in the disruption of supply chain management. However, the global vaccination drive has reduced the fatality rate from the coronavirus.
Rising Inflation and Interest Rates:
As a result of rising inflation rates in both developing and advanced economies, central banks have been forced to tighten monetary policy and raise interest rates to keep prices from rising. However, a steady increase in interest rates could cause financial distress in some economies.
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