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Explore Poland's latest macroeconomic trends and forecasts to inform business strategy and pinpoint opportunities and risks

Poland’s External Debt to GDP Ratio (2010 - 2020, %)

Poland’s external debt in relation to its GDP was 62.8% in 2020
External debt as a % of GDP of Poland increased by 5.7% from the previous year in 2020
Between 2010 to 2020, the external debt as a % of GDP in Poland was highest in 2012 with 74.0% and was lowest in 2019 with 59.4%

Poland External Debt as a % of GDP Highlights in 2020

Poland’s external debt as a % of GDP hit 62.8% in 2020, an increase of 5.7% over the previous year. Between 2010 to 2020, Poland’s external debt as a % of GDP decreased by 5.6%.

According to IMF, gross debt as a percentage of GDP increased from 45.6% in 2019 to 57.6% in 2020 and is further expected to rise to 56.05% in 2022. Poland must spend judiciously to rebuild fiscal buffers for future countercyclical policies and to prepare for the growing fiscal burden arising from the increase in the number of elderly people, also the country’s general government gross debt stood at 57.6% of its GDP in 2020 due to a huge fiscal stimulus push from the government to help the vulnerable during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Outlook on Global Economy

Real GDP is measured using inflation-adjusted base year prices. Real GDP changes are a measure of economic growth and show whether there has been an increase or decrease in the volume of economic activity.

According to real GDP, the world's top five economies are the United States, China, Japan, Germany, and India. After the US, China had the largest real GDP in 2021 with a value of $12.7 trillion in 2021. With a $6 trillion real GDP during the same period, Japan came in third place globally. Germany and India are the other two largest leading economies, with real GDPs of $3.8 trillion and $2.9 trillion, respectively.

Factors Affecting the Global Economy

A rise in COVID-19 cases:

As a result of Omicron, a new variant of COVID-19, more cases have been reported worldwide, resulting in the disruption of supply chain management. However, the global vaccination drive has reduced the fatality rate from the coronavirus.

Rising Inflation and Interest Rates:

As a result of rising inflation rates in both developing and advanced economies, central banks have been forced to tighten monetary policy and raise interest rates to keep prices from rising. However, a steady increase in interest rates could cause financial distress in some economies.

Explore Poland's latest macroeconomic trends and forecasts to inform business strategy and pinpoint opportunities and risks Explore Poland's latest macroeconomic trends and forecasts to inform business strategy and pinpoint opportunities and risks Visit Report Store