Global Population: Overview
Population is defined as the total number of people residing in a country or region. Population growth of a country depends on multiple factors including the economy, female fertility rates, birth rates, death rates, healthcare facilities, increasing urbanization, immigration & emigration rates, education, and other social & cultural aspects.
The world's population is currently increasing at a low single-digit annual rate. The population is expected to rise at a rate of 81 million people every year. Between 1959 and the 2000s, the world's population more than doubled. In the late 1960s, the annual population growth rate peaked. Since then, the rate of increase has practically halved, and it is predicted to continue to fall in the future years around the world.
Population Growth Analysis of India
The population of India reached 1.3 billion people in 2021. The country reported a steady growth in total population in 2021 when compared to the previous years among both the male and female population. The population of India has exponentially increased since the 1960s.
The population is expected to grow at an compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 1.0% over 2021–2025. The median age was 28.7 years in 2020, according to GlobalData, which is suggestive of a young society. According to the Fifth National Family Health Survey (NHFS-5) (2019–2020), the total fertility rate has decreased across the majority of the country’s states. India welcomed the progress made on several health, fertility and women's empowerment related indicators in the NFHS-5.
Population Segmentation of India
Gender: The male and female population of India witnessed a single-digit YoY growth in 2021. Among the male and female population of India, the country in most of its history has had a large male population over the female population.
Urban and Rural Population: India has a larger proportion of people living in rural areas. The number of people living in the rural areas has always been larger than the number of people living in the urban areas of India since the 1960s. The urban population in India has been rapidly growing in the last few years, reporting a low single-digit YoY growth in 2021. The population of rural India remained steady from 2019 to 2020.
Age: India has a large working-age population, and it is set to expand in the coming years. The median age of the population was 28.7 years in 2020, according to GlobalData. The population in the 15–64 age group is expected to increase to 67.8% by 2025. However, India’s young population (0–19 years) has started to decline and is projected to drop from as high as 41% in 2011 to 25% by 2041, according to the Economic Survey 2018–2019. States such as Himachal Pradesh, West Bengal, Maharashtra, Punjab and most of the southern states are ahead of others in terms of demographic transition. As a result, the old age population in these states is expected to increase at a faster rate compared to others.
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