Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Power Sector Outlook 2020 – MEED Insights

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Published: August 31, 2020 Report Code: GDMD003PE-ST

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The Covid-19 pandemic had a severe impact on the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) power sector in the first half of 2020. The lockdowns introduced to stop the spread of the virus saw in a decline in power demand as a result of depressed commercial and industrial activity. While a halt in spending due to concerns over the fiscal impact of the crisis saw the value of power project contract awards in the region fall to $5.9bn in the first half of the year, 9.9 per cent down on the same period in 2019. As the recovery from the Covid-19 recssion picks up in the second half of 2020, the outlook for the regional power projects market is incredibly strong. Despite sharp shock from the pandemic, power project activity picked up rapidly in July, particularly in the renewables sector.

With about $30bn per year of capital spending on major projects, the power sector has long been one of the strongest and most reliable providers of business and investment opportunities in the region.

Over the past three years, however, the sector has been embarked on a remarkable programme of reforms which are transforming the Mena power sector beyond recognition, and creating exciting new opportunities and challenges for business and government alike. Sustainability and energy efficiency have become the driving forces behind radical and controversial shifts in policy such as the removal of energy subsidies which have kept energy and water tariffs artificially low for decades. The subsidy cuts are being introduced to reduce the financial burden on the state, and also to encourage consumers to curb their usage, thereby lowering the speed at which new capacity needs to be built.

Procurement models are changing too, with renewed interest in privately developed utility projects in order to spread the capital cost of building new capacity over a longer period. A much broader privatisation trend is also emerging, whereby governments are looking to sell off assets and unbundle generation, transmission and distribution. This will provide short-term windfalls for cash-strapped governments but will lead to a more efficiently run power sector in the long term. Perhaps the biggest transformation of all is the drive to diversify the region’s energy mix. Faced with a shortage of readily available gas supplies and attracted by the falling cost of technology, nearly all Mena countries are now procuring or planning solar and wind projects. They are also looking at other forms of renewable and alternative energy, from waste-to-energy to nuclear power.

Rapid population growth, coupled with industrial and economic expansion, is driving rising electricity consumption, making power capacity addition the need of the hour for regional governments. However, satisfying the rise in demand is becoming increasingly challenging. Few industries are as important to the sustainable development of the Mena as the power sector and few industries are undergoing such high levels investment and transformation.

Written by MEED, the Middle East market experts within the GlobalData Group, "MENA Power 2020" is a comprehensive country-by-country review of the Mena power sector with in-depth analysis on supply and demand, projected investment levels, the role of the private sector and the search for alternative energy.

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Table of Contents

Table of Contents

1. Regional Analysis and COVID-19

1.1 Impact of COVID-19

1.2 Power sector trends

1.3 Mena power sector project pipeline

2. Algeria

2.1 Market overview

2.2 Industry structure

2.3 Supply and demand trends

2.4 Power generation projects

2.5 Transmission & distribution network

2.6 International electrical interconnection

2.7 Leading contractors

3. Bahrain

3.1 Market overview

3.2 Industry structure

3.3 Supply and demand trends

3.4 Power generation projects

3.5 Transmission & distribution network

3.6 International electrical interconnection

3.7 Leading contractors

4. Egypt

4.1 Market overview

4.2 Industry structure

4.3 Supply and demand trends

4.4 Power generation projects

4.5 Transmission & distribution network

4.6 International electrical connection

4.7 Leading contractors

5. Iran

5.1 Market overview

5.2 Industry structure

5.3 Supply and demand trends

5.4 Power generation projects

5.5 Transmission and distribution network

5.6 International electrical interconnection

5.7 Leading contractors

6. Iraq

6.1 Market overview

6.2 Industry structure

6.3 Supply and demand trends

6.4 Power generation projects

6.5 Transmission & distribution network

6.6 International electricity exchange

6.7 Leading contractors

6.8 KRG region

7. Jordan

7.1 Market overview

7.2 Industry structure

7.3 Supply and demand trends

7.4 Power generation projects

7.5 Transmission & distribution network

7.6 International electrical interconnection

7.7 Leading contractors

8. Kuwait

8.1 Market overview

8.2 Industry structure

8.3 Supply and demand trends

8.4 Power generation projects

8.5 Transmission and distribution network

8.6 International electrical interconnection

8.7 Leading contractors

9. Lebanon

9.1 Market overview

9.2 Structure

9.3 Supply and demand trends

9.4 Power generation projects

9.5 Transmission & distribution network

9.6 International electrical interconnection

9.7 Leading Contractors

10. Libya

10.1 Market overview

10.2 Industry structure

10.3 Supply and demand trends

10.4 Power generation projects

10.5 Transmission and distribution network

10.6 International electrical interconnection

10.7 Leading contractors

11. Morocco

11.1 Market overview

11.2 Industry structure

11.3 Supply and demand trends

11.4 Power generation projects

11.5 Transmission & distribution network

11.6 International electrical interconnection

11.7 Leading contractors

12. Oman

12.1 Market overview

12.2 Industry structure

12.3 Supply and demand trends

12.4 Power generation projects

12.5 Transmission & distribution network

12.6 International electrical interconnection

12.7 Leading contractors

13. Qatar

13.1 Market overview

13.2 Industry structure

13.3 Supply and demand trends

13.4 Power generation projects

13.5 Transmission & distribution network

13.6 International electrical interconnection

13.7 Leading contractors

14. Saudi Arabia

14.1 Market overview

14.2 Industry structure

14.3 Supply and demand trends

14.4 Power generation projects

14.5 Transmission & distribution network

14.6 International electrical interconnection

14.6 Leading contractors

15. Syria

15.1 Market overview

15.2 Structure

15.3 Supply and demand trends

15.4 Power generation projects

15.5 Transmission & distribution network

15.6 International electrical interconnection

16. Tunisia

16.1 Market overview

16.2 Industry structure

16.3 Supply and demand trends

16.4 Power generation projects

16.5 Transmission & distribution network

14.6 International electrical interconnection

16.7 Leading contractors

17. UAE

17.1 Market overview

17.2 Industry structure

17.3 Supply and demand trends

17.4 Power generation projects

17.5 Transmission & distribution network

17.6 International electrical interconnection

17.7 Leading contractors

17.8 Abu Dhabi

17.9 Dubai

17.10 Northern Emirates

18. Yemen

18.1 Market overview

18.2 Structure

18.3 Supply and demand trends

18.4 Power generation projects

18.5 Transmission & distribution network

18.6 International electrical interconnection

Disclaimer

Table

List of Tables

Table 1: Mena, power sector indicators ꟷ cumulative installed capacity (MW), annual power generation (GWh) and installed renewable

capacity (MW) by country; 2019, 2025 and 2030

Table 2: Mena top 10 power EPC contracts awarded in 2019

Table 3: Mena power contracts by country ($m)

Table 4: Algeria power sector key facts, 2019

Table 5: Algeria power generation projects under construction ($m)

Table 6: Upcoming renewable power projects by value ($m

Table 7: Algeria’s 2030 renewables plan

Table 8: Algeria power transmission projects under construction ($m)

Table 9: Upcoming power transmission projects by value ($m

Table 10: Algeria leading contractors by projects under execution ($m)

Table 11: Bahrain power sector key facts, 2019

Table 12: Major existing thermal power generation projects in Bahrain

Table 13: Major upcoming thermal power generation projects in Bahrain

Table 14: Major renewable energy projects in Bahrain ($m

Table 15: Number of transmission substations, 2014−18

Table 16: Number of underground cables (km), 2014−18

Table 17: Bahrain power transmission projects under execution by value ($m)

Table 18: Bahrain power transmission projects in pre-execution phase by value ($m)

Table 19: Bahrain leading active contractors by value ($m)

Table 20: Egypt power sector key facts, 2019

Table 21: Planned merchant IPP renewables projects up to 2022

Table 22: Energy sold from distribution companies by end-use, 2017/18

Table 23: Electricity generating sector key facts, 2016/17-2017/18

Table 24: Main power stations, 2018

Table 25: Installed capacity and energy generated from isolated power plants, 2016/17-2017/18

Table 26: Fuel consumption by the power sector, 2016/17-2017/18

Table 27: Emergency power generation programme, awarded between December 2014 and July 2015

Table 28: Egypt, conventional power generation projects under execution by value ($m) and capacity (MW)

Table 29: Egypt, planned conventional power generation projects by value ($m)

Table 30: Planned coal-fired projects

Table 31: Energy generated from hydropower plants, 2013-18 (GWh)

Table 32: Egypt, renewable energy supporting policies, laws, and regulations

Table 33: Renewable energy schemes by institutions in Egypt

Table 34: Solar FiTs

Table 35: Wind FiTs

Table 36: Egypt round II solar FiT tariffs ($c/kWh)

Table 37: Egypt round II wind FiT tariffs ($c/kWh)

Table 38: EBRD backed projects, round 2 FiT

Table 39: IFC-backed projects, Egypt FiT round 2

Table 40: Egypt, renewable power generation projects under execution by value ($m) and capacity (MW)

Table 41: Egypt, planned renewable power generation projects by value ($m)

Table 42: Capacity of transformers in Egypt, 2018

Table 43: Total length of transmission lines and cables in Egypt (km), 2013/14-2017/18

Table 44: Egypt distribution lines and cables (thousand kilometres), 2011/12-2017/18

Table 45: Egypt, power transmission projects under execution by value ($m)

Table 46: Egypt, planned T&D projects by value ($m)

Table 47: Egypt leading power sector contractors by value ($m)

Table 48: Iran power sector key facts, 2019

Table 49: Iranian electricity consumption (TWh)

Table 50: Iranian electricity consumption (% of total)

Table 51: Iran, power generation projects under execution

Table 52: Iran, power generation projects in pre-execution phase

Table 53: Iranian electricity production by fuel type (% of total), 2004−2019

Table 54: Renewable energy capacity from solar PV, wind, and small hydropower (MW), 2010−2019

Table 55: Installed renewable energy power capacity up to the end of December 2019 in Iran

Table 56: Companies with renewable and clean power purchase agreements up to the end of December 2019 in Iran

Table 57: Iran, renewable energy projects under execution

Table 58: Iran, renewable energy projects in pre-execution phase

Table 59: Renewables feed-in tariff rates, October 2019

Table 60: Transmission lines in Iran (km), 2010/11−2017/18

Table 61: Distribution lines data (2017/18)

Table 62: Iranian transmission substation capacity: MVA (2015/16-2017/18)

Table 63: Iranian distribution losses (TWh), 2014−2018

Table 64: Iranian electricity exports and imports (TWh), 2010/11-2017/18

Table 65: Iran leading power contractors by value ($m)

Table 66: Iraq power sector key facts, 2019

Table 67: Forecast of consumption in main grid by type (%), 2018-2030

Table 68: Iraq, conventional power generation projects under execution by capacity (MW) and value ($m)

Table 69: Iraq upcoming thermal power generation projects by value ($m) and capacity (MW

Table 70: Iraq renewable power projects ($m)

Table 71: Ministry of Electricity plan (2018-2022) with subsidized fuel

Table 72: Iraq 132kV requirements under the long-term transmission plan, 2015-30 (base forecast)

Table 73: Overall investment in transmission equipment under the long-term plan, 2015-30 ($m)

Table 74: Long-term investment, 2015-30

Table 75: INES recommendations for T&D sector

Table 76: Electricity supply, 2016

Table 77: Iraq, existing and planned power transmission projects by net project value ($m)

Table 78: Iraq, leading contractors by value ($m)

Table 79: KRG, conventional power projects by status, capacity (MW), and net project value ($m)

Table 80: KRG region future planned generation projects

Table 81: Jordan power sector key facts, 2019

Table 82: Significant figures for electricity sector in Jordan

Table 83: Electrical energy consumption in Jordan (GWh), 2015−2018

Table 84: Jordan, number of consumers (thousands), 2015−2018

Table 85: Electrical losses by sector type, 2015−2018

Table 86: Available capacity of generating plants (MW), 2014−2018

Table 87: Jordan’s CEGCO installed capacity by plant

Table 88: SEPCO installed capacity, 2011−18

Table 89: Upcoming power generation projects by value

Table 90: Electricity fuel consumption by type of fuel (thousand tons of oil equivalent), 2015-2018

Table 91: Jordan’s renewable energy tariffs

Table 92: Jordan, renewable energy projects under construction

Table 93: Jordan, planned renewable power projects

Table 94: Electricity sales (GWh), 2012−18

Table 95: Transmission lines (km), 2012−18

Table 96: Main substations installed capacity (MVA), 2012−18

Table 97: Electricity imports (GWh), 2011−18

Table 98: Peak load for Interconnected System (MW)

Table 99: Electricity demand forecast in the interconnected system

Table 100: Jordan leading contractors by projects under execution

Table 101: Kuwait power sector key facts, 2019

Table 102: Peak power demand and available capacity, 2015−2030 (MW)

Table 103: Breakdown of additional demand by sector, 2012−22

Table 104: Existing power plants

Table 105: Kuwait planned generation capacity additions, 2017-27 (MW)

Table 106: Kuwait planned generation capacity additions, 2028-35 (MW)

Table 107: Kuwait planned power projects (excluding renewables) by value ($m)

Table 108: Small-scale solar schemes in Kuwait

Table 109: Kuwait planned renewable power projects by value ($m)

Table 110: Kuwait transmission network (ckm), 2018

Table 111: Kuwait distribution network (ckm), 2018

Table 112: Planned T&D contracts

Table 113: Kuwait leading contractors by value ($m)

Table 114: Lebanon, power sector key facts, 2019

Table 115: Lebanon, power sector governance structure

Table 116: Lebanon, existing installed and effective generation capacity (MW)

Table 117: Lebanon, planned power generation assets (MW) by MOEW

Table 118: Lebanon, existing hydropower generation assets (MW)

Table 119: Lebanon, hydropower targets and potential (MW)

Table 120: Lebanon, renewable energy targets and potentials (MW)

Table 121: Lebanon, wind and solar power auctions

Table 122: Lebanon, renewable power projects in pipeline ($m)

Table 123: Libya power and renewables sector key facts, 2019

Table 124: Electricity infrastructure damaged during the 2011 civil war

Table 125: Residential power tariffs

Table 126: Non-residential power tariffs

Table 127: Electricity consumption by sector, 2018

Table 128: Power plant projects under construction

Table 129: Thermal power generation projects on hold.

Table 130: Renewable energy share of power generation, 2015-25

Table 131: Medium-term renewable energy targets, 2016−25

Table 132: Transmission lines (km), 2018

Table 133: 400kV Network future plan 2015−2030

Table 134: Substations installed capacity (MVA)

Table 135: Substations (No.), 2017

Table 136: Transmission projects on hold

Table 137: Morocco power sector key facts, 2019

Table 138: Major existing hydropower generation projects in Morocco

Table 139: Major upcoming hydro power generation projects in Morocco

Table 140: Major existing renewable power generation projects in Morocco

Table 141: Major upcoming renewable power generation projects in Morocco

Table 142: Morocco existing power transmission projects by value ($m)

Table 143: Morocco upcoming power transmission projects by value ($m)

Table 144: Morocco leading contractors by value

Table 145: Oman power and renewables sector key facts, 2019

Table 146: Total power generation capacity in Oman (MW)

Table 147: MIS non-contracted generating capacity by plant, 2020−24 (MW)

Table 148: Contracted operational power capacity in the MIS

Table 149: Contracted capacity in Dhofar Power System, (MW), 2020-25

Table 150: Non-firm contracts, renewable energy, 2020-25

Table 151: Projected total power generation resources in Duqm (MW)

Table 152: Thermal power generation projects, planned or underway

Table 153: Renewable Energy Development Plan – MIS (MW), 2019−2025

Table 154: Renewable power projects, under execution

Table 155: Renewable power projects, planned

Table 156: Oman power transmission & distribution projects, planned or underway

Table 157: Oman leading contractors by value ($m)

Table 158: Qatar power sector key facts, 2019

Table 159: Number of electricity customers, 2014-18

Table 160: Operating IWPPs/IPPs

Table 161: Selected major power plant contracts

Table 162: Future IWPP/IPP tendering schedule

Table 163: Major transmission projects by Kahramaa, 2005−17

Table 164: T&D commissioned substation infrastructure, 2013-18

Table 165: T&D cables laid, 2013-18

Table 166: T&D high voltage overhead lines, 2013-18

Table 167: Qatar transmission project phase 12; packages awarded

Table 168: Qatar transmission project phase 13; packages awarded

Table 169: Upcoming transmission projects in Qatar

Table 170: Qatar leading power sector contractors by value ($m)

Table 171: Saudi Arabia power sector key facts, 2019

Table 172: SEC Privatisation – Functions of new unbundled companies

Table 173: Major active power generation plants in Saudi Arabia by value ($m) and capacity (MW)

Table 174: Saudi Arabia, major power projects (excluding renewables) under execution by value ($m)

Table 175: Saudi Arabia, major planned power projects (excluding renewables) by value ($m)

Table 176: Repdo renewable energy projects by capacity (MW) and value ($m)

Table 177: List of bidders with prices for the 300MW PV solar project at Sakaka

Table 178: List of bidders with price for the 400MW wind scheme at Dumat al-Jandal

Table 179: Repdo third round projects

Table 180: Transmission & distribution infrastructure, 2013−2018

Table 181: Number of transmission substations, 2013-2018

Table 182: Selected T&D contract awards, 2019-2020*

Table 183: Saudi Arabia upcoming power transmission projects by value ($m)

Table 184: Technical bidders for the Saudi Arabia-Egypt Interconnection

Table 185: Saudi Arabia leading contractors by value, 2019

Table 186: Syria power sector key facts, 2019*

Table 187: Syria, Power generation projects (excluding renewables) by capacity (MW) and value ($m)

Table 188: Syria, Renewable planned power generation projects by capacity (MW) and value ($m

Table 189: Tunisia power sector key facts, 2019

Table 190: STEG’s technical and financial performance indicators, 2014-2017

Table 191: Electricity sales by economic sector (GWh), 2011−2018

Table 192: Electricity production (GWh), 2011−18

Table 193: Major existing thermal power generation project in Tunisia

Table 194: Hydropower plants

Table 195: Wind power plants

Table 196: Tunisia 2020 – Renewable energy projects

Table 197: Existing renewable energy projects in Tunisia, by value ($m)

Table 198: Major upcoming renewable energy projects in Tunisia

Table 199: STEG customer breakdown, 2012−18 (number of customers)

Table 200: STEG sales, 2012−18 (GWh)

Table 201: Tunisia existing power transmission projects by value ($m)

Table 202: Tunisia upcoming power transmission projects by value ($m

Table 203: Tunisia leading contractors by value

Table 204: UAE power sector key facts, 2019

Table 205: UAE, Power generation projects (excluding renewables) under construction ($m)

Table 206: UAE, Upcoming power generation projects (excluding renewables) ($m)

Table 207: UAE, Renewable power generation projects under construction ($m)

Table 208: UAE, Upcoming renewable power generation projects ($m)

Table 209: UAE, Top T&D projects under construction ($m)

Table 210: UAE, planned T&D projects ($m)

Table 211: UAE, Leading contractors by value ($m)

Table 212: Abu Dhabi power sector key facts, 2019

Table 213: Abu Dhabi selected major power plant contract awards, 2007−17

Table 214: Developers and EPC contractors interested for Fujairah (F3) power project

Table 215: Developers interested in 2GW Al-Dhafra solar power project, Abu Dhabi

Table 216: Abu Dhabi, Growth of principal demand drivers (GW)

Table 217: Abu Dhabi, Top T&D projects under construction ($m)

Table 218: Abu Dhabi, planned T&D projects ($m)

Table 219: Abu Dhabi leading contractors by value ($m)

Table 220: Dubai power sector key facts, 2019

Table 221: Selected major EPC power projects, 2005−20

Table 222: Dubai upcoming renewable power generation projects by value

Table 223: Dubai thermal power plants

Table 224: Dubai renewable power plants

Table 225: Dubai upcoming power generation projects

Table 226: Dubai key T&D infrastructure, 2017−19

Table 227: Dubai, Top T&D projects under construction ($m)

Table 228: Dubai, planned T&D projects ($m)

Table 229: Dubai leading contractors by value ($m)

Table 230: Fewa installed capacity

Table 231: Sewa installed and available generating capacity, 2018* (MW)

Table 232: Northern Emirates, T&D projects under construction ($m)

Table 233: Northern Emirates, planned T&D projects ($m)

Table 234: Northern Emirates leading contractors by value ($m)

Table 235: Yemen, Power sector key facts, 2019

Table 236: Yemen, Power sector assets damaged in violence (units)

Table 237: Yemen, Power sector assets damaged in violence by city ($m)

Table 238: Yemen, Projected annual power consumption (TWh) and capacity demand (MW) until 2050

Table 239: Total rural population that cannot access electricity through the national grid (millions)

Table 240: Yemen, capacity demand for the population that can be grid connected (MW), 2020-2050

Table 241: Yemen, Installed capacity of existing thermal power plants in the PEC system (MW)

Table 242: Yemen, Planned power generation projects by capacity (MW) and value ($m)

Table 243: Yemen, Power generation potential of renewable energy resources (MW)

Table 244: Yemen, Total capacity demand as a percentage of total renewable capacity (per cent)

Figures

List of Figures

Figure 1: Mena power sector contract awards ($bn), 2011ꟷ2020*

Figure 2: Mena power sector contract awards forecast ($m), 2020

Figure 3: Mena installed total capacity (MW), 2015ꟷ2030

Figure 4: Mena thermal installed total capacity by source (MW), 2015ꟷ2030

Figure 5: Mena, cumulative installed capacity by country (MW), 2019, 2025 and 2030

Figure 6: Mena, annual power generation by country (GWh), 2019, 2025 and 2030

Figure 7: Mena, installed renewable capacity by country (MW), 2019, 2025 and 2030

Figure 8: Mena renewables market in 2020

Figure 9: Mena power contracts by country, stage and value ($m)

Figure 10: Structure of the Algerian electricity market

Figure 11: Algeria power consumption (GWh), 2015−30

Figure 12: Algeria power demand (GWh), 2019−30

Figure 13: Algeria installed capacity by technology (MW), 2019 (%)

Figure 14: Algeria installed capacity (MW), 2015−2030

Figure 15: Algeria installed total capacity by fuel type (per cent), 2015−2020 (Phase 1)

Figure 16: Algeria installed total capacity by fuel type (per cent), 2021−2030 (Phase 2)

Figure 17: Algeria power generation (GWh), 2015−30

Figure 18: Algeria’s length of transmission network (km), 2004−2018

Figure 19: Algeria’s length of the distribution network (km), 2010−2018

Figure 20: Bahrain, annual power consumption and projected demand (GWh), 2015-30

Figure 21: Bahrain peak demand (MW), 2010−20

Figure 22: Bahrain peak demand growth (per cent), 2010−20

Figure 23: Bahrain total installed capacity by fuel type (MW), 2015-30

Figure 24: Bahrain, annual power generation capacity (GWh), 2015-2030

Figure 25: Renewable energy power projects, 2010−2019 ($m)

Figure 26: Bahrain annual T&D Losses (GWh), 2010-18

Figure 27: Transmission & distribution contract awards, 2015−2019 ($m)

Figure 28: Bahrain electricity imports and exports (GWh), 2011-2018

Figure 29: Structure of the Egyptian electricity sector

Figure 30: Egypt, annual power consumption (GWh), 2015-2030

Figure 31: Egypt electricity consumption by end-user, 2017−18

Figure 32: Peak load and installed capacity, 2007/08−2017/18

Figure 33: Installed capacity by technology, 2017/18 (Per cent)

Figure 34: Evolution of installed power capacity (GW) by fuel-type as envisaged in the ISES, 2019-2035

Figure 35: Total capacity of distribution transformers for MV&LV in Egypt (Thousand MVA), 2009/10-2017/18

Figure 36: Electricity consumption (GWh), Iran, 2015-30

Figure 37: Iran electricity consumption (TWh)

Figure 38: Iran electricity consumption, 2017/18 (percentage of total)

Figure 39: Iran peak consumption forecast (MW), 2010−2020

Figure 40: Iran cumulative installed capacity (MW), 2015-30

Figure 41: Iran installed generation capacity by technology (%), 2019

Figure 42: Iran annual power generation (GWh), 2015-30

Figure 43: Installed cumulative renewable capacity (MW), Iran, 2015-30

Figure 44: Iran renewable energy installations

Figure 45: Forecast peak electricity demand in Iraq, 2016−2030

Figure 46: Iraq power consumption (GWh), 2015−2030

Figure 47: Consumption in the main grid by type (%), 2018*

Figure 48: Iraq peak power demand and available power capacity (GW), 2018-2023

Figure 49: Iraq cumulative installed capacity by fuel type (MW), 2015−2030

Figure 50: Iraq electricity generation by fuel type (GWh), 2015−2030

Figure 51: Comparison of LCOE of solar power and electricity from oil and gas ($/MWh), 2015-2030

Figure 52: Ministry of Electricity plan (2018-2022) with subsidised fuel

Figure 53: The 2015 Iraq 400kV transmission system under the short-term plan

Figure 54: Load centres, zones and gas locations under the long-term transmission plan, 2015−30

Figure 55: Comparison of peak electricity demand and average power generation in Iraqi Kurdistan (MW), 2004-2017

Figure 56: Structure of the KRG Electricity Ministry

Figure 57: Kurdistan region location of existing power generating plants

Figure 58: Power demand by sector (%), 2016

Figure 59: Peak power demand and average available capacity (MW), 2004-2017

Figure 60: KRG region revised power demand outlook, 2011−20

Figure 61: Jordan electricity sector

Figure 62: Jordan power consumption (GWh), 2015−30

Figure 63: Jordan peak load demand (MW), 2010−19*

Figure 64: Jordan power demand forecast (GWh), 2019−30

Figure 65: Jordan power consumption by sector, 2018 (per cent)

Figure 66: Number of consumers by sector, 2018 (per cent)

Figure 67: Jordan’s installed total capacity (MW), 2015−30

Figure 68: Jordan’s installed total capacity (MW), 2019

Figure 69: Location of CEGCO power plants in Jordan

Figure 70: Jordan annual power generation (GWh), 2015−30

Figure 71: Jordan’s nuclear energy programme

Figure 72: Jordan nuclear energy strategy main goals

Figure 73: Jordan transmission grid system

Figure 74: Annual power consumption (GWh), Kuwait, 2015-2030

Figure 75: Peak power demand, 2009-19 (MW)

Figure 76: Cumulative installed capacity (MW), Kuwait, 2015-30

Figure 77: Annual power generation (GWh), Kuwait, 2015-30

Figure 78: Existing power plants

Figure 79: Power sector’s fuel mix (%)

Figure 80: Projected fuel consumption by the power sector, 2010-30 (billion BTUs a day)

Figure 81: Solar thermal electricity generating potential in Kuwait

Figure 82: Lebanon, Annual power consumption (GWh), 2015-2030

Figure 83: Lebanon, Electricity consumption breakdown by sector (per cent), 2018

Figure 84: Lebanon, Existing and projected power demand against projected available capacity (MW), 2017−2026

Figure 85: Lebanon, Cumulative installed generation capacity (MW), 2015-2030

Figure 86: Lebanon, annual power generation (GWh), 2015-2030

Figure 87: Location of power plants in Lebanon

Figure 88: Lebanon, targeted renewable energy mix (per cent)

Figure 89: Lebanon, targeted installed capacities of specific renewable energy sources (MW)

Figure 90: Lebanon, Map of the electricity grid

Figure 91: Average power load shedding hours, 2019

Figure 92: Power map of Libya 2018

Figure 93: Electricity consumption (GWh), Libya, 2015-30

Figure 94: Electricity sales by sector, 2018 (%)

Figure 95: Peak power demand, 2006−16 (MW)

Figure 96: Power demand forecast, 2008−25 (MW)

Figure 97: Forecast peak supply, 2010−20 (MW)

Figure 98: Cumulative Installed capacity (MW), Libya, 2015−2030

Figure 99: Cumulative Installed capacity (MW), Libya, 2019 (%)

Figure 100: Fuel consumption in electrical sector, 2018 (%)

Figure 101: Organisational structure of Reaol

Figure 102: Libya global horizontal irradiance

Figure 103: High-voltage transmission network

Figure 104: Existing and planned interconnection

Figure 105: Rural electrification percentage in Morocco, 1995-2019*

Figure 106: Morocco annual power consumption (GWh), 2015-30

Figure 107: Morocco annual T&D Losses (GWh), 2010-18

Figure 108: Morocco installed generation capacity (MW), 2015-30

Figure 109: Morocco installed generation capacity (MW), 2019 (%)

Figure 110: Morocco annual power generation (GWh), 2015-30

Figure 111: Morocco target fuel mix (%), 2020

Figure 112: Renewable energy power projects, 2011−2019 ($m)

Figure 113: Solar radiation map of Morocco

Figure 114: Wind map of Morocco

Figure 115: Transmission & distribution contract awards, 2011−2019 ($m)

Figure 116: Morocco electricity imports and exports (GWh), 2011-2018

Figure 117: Oman new electricity market structure

Figure 118: Oman electricity market structure, MIS

Figure 119: Oman electricity market structure, Dhofar Power System (DPS)

Figure 120: The MIS and Salalah systems

Figure 121: Oman electricity reform milestones

Figure 122: Oman annual power consumption (GWh), 2015-30

Figure 123: Peak power demand in MIS and Dhofar Power System (MW), 2008−2019

Figure 124: Projected peak and average power demand in MIS (MW), 2018−2025

Figure 125: Projected peak and average power demand in Dhofar (MW), 2018-25

Figure 126: Peak power demand in Ad Duqm (MW), 2018−2025

Figure 127: Peak power demand in Musandam (MW), 2018−2025

Figure 128: Oman installed total capacity by fuel type (MW), 2015-30

Figure 129: Oman installed total capacity by fuel type (MW), 2019

Figure 130: Oman annual power generation by fuel type (GWh), 2015-30

Figure 131: Projected gas consumption for MIS (million cubic metres/day), 2018−2025

Figure 132: Projected gas consumption for Dhofar (million cubic metres/day), 2018−2025

Figure 133: Oman installed renewable capacity (MW), 2015-30

Figure 134: Oman annual renewable power generation (GWh), 2015-30

Figure 135: Global solar radiation average (kWh/m2/d)

Figure 136: Annual direct normal irradiance map of Oman*

Figure 137: Electricity consumption (GWh), Qatar, 2015-30

Figure 138: Qatar power consumption by sector, 2018 (MWh, per cent

Figure 139: Installed power capacity and peak demand, 2008-18

Figure 140: Peak demand growth, 2008-18 (%)

Figure 141: Cumulative Installed capacity (MW), Qatar, 2015−2030

Figure 142: Cumulative Installed capacity by technology (MW), Qatar, 2019

Figure 143: Location of Qatar’s power plants

Figure 144: Annual power generation (GWh), Qatar, 2015-30

Figure 145: Institutional structure of decision-making in the Saudi Arabia energy sector

Figure 146: Leading power developers by equity capacity, August 2018 (MW)

Figure 147: Saudi Arabia power consumption by sector (per cent), 2018

Figure 148: Saudi Arabia annual power consumption and projected demand (GWh), 2015-2030

Figure 149: Power peak demand growth, 2008-2018 (%)

Figure 150: Power demand forecast, 2000−2030 (MW)

Figure 151: Per capita consumption (kWh), 2008-2018

Figure 152: Saudi Arabia, cumulative installed capacity (MW), 2015-2030

Figure 153: Saudi Arabia, annual power generation (GWh), 2015-2030

Figure 154: Saudi Arabia ownership of installed capacity (percentage of total), 2018

Figure 155: SEC planned capacity additions, 2014−24 (MW)

Figure 156: Power generation projects to 2024 by type

Figure 157: Available generating capacity by fuel, 2018 (per cent)

Figure 158: Projected oil consumption by the power sector, 2011-30 (million barrels)

Figure 159: REPDO’s 2030 Renewables Target

Figure 160: Renewable energy power contract awards ($m), 2009−2019

Figure 161: Distribution of power generating units by years of service, 2018

Figure 162: Increase in transmission capacity, 2013−18 (MVA

Figure 163: Transmission & Distribution contract awards, 2010−2019 ($m)

Figure 164: Syria Power Sector Structure

Figure 165: Syria, Annual power consumption (GWh), 2015-2030

Figure 166: Syria, Cumulative installed generation capacity (MW), 2015-2030

Figure 167: Syria, Annual power generation (GWh), 2015-2030

Figure 168: Syria, Operational power plants

Figure 169: Syria, Share of installed generation capacity by fuel type (MW), 2019

Figure 170: EULLPST Grid Interconnection Project

Figure 171: EULLPST as part of a larger Middle East Grid Interconnection Project

Figure 172: Institutional Organisation of the Tunisian Power Sector

Figure 173: Tunisia annual power consumption (GWh), 2015-30

Figure 174: Tunisia peak power demand (MW), 2010−25

Figure 175: Tunisia peak power demand growth (per cent), 2010−25

Figure 176: Tunisia annual T&D Losses (GWh), 2010-18

Figure 177: Tunisia installed total capacity by technology (%), 2018

Figure 178: Tunisia installed total capacity by fuel type (MW), 2015-30

Figure 179: Tunisia installed total capacity by fuel type (MW), 2019

Figure 180: Tunisia annual power generation by fuel type (GWh), 2015-30

Figure 181: Targeted share of technology in Tunisian Solar Plan by 2030 (MW)

Figure 182: Tunisia electricity imports and exports (GWh), 2011-2018

Figure 183: UAE, annual power consumption (GWh), 2015-2030

Figure 184: UAE, minimum power demand, peak power demand, and available capacity (MW), 2010-2017

Figure 185: UAE, cumulative installed capacity (MW), 2015-2030

Figure 186: UAE, annual power generation (GWh), 2015-2030

Figure 187: UAE clean energy targets, 2050

Figure 188: Peak power demand growth (percentage), 2010−2019

Figure 189: Abu Dhabi power consumption by sector, 2017 (Per cent)

Figure 190: Abu Dhabi peak power demand forecasts (MW), 2018-2032

Figure 191: Peak power demand and installed capacity (MW), 2010−2019

Figure 192: Abu Dhabi electricity exports at peak time (MW), 2011-2019

Figure 193: Dubai power consumption breakdown (per cent), 2019

Figure 194: Dubai power demand forecast (MW), 2018-2030

Figure 195: Dubai peak power demand and installed capacity, 2009−19

Figure 196: Fewa’s peak power imports from Abu Dhabi (MW), 2011−19

Figure 197: Sewa peak power demand growth, 2008-18* (percentage)

Figure 198: Sewa peak power demand, 2011-18* (MW)

Figure 199: Sewa’s peak power imports from Abu Dhabi, 2011−19 (MW)

Figure 200: Yemen, Annual power consumption (GWh), 2015-2030

Figure 201: Yemen, Electricity consumption breakdown by sector (per cent)

Figure 202: Yemen, Projected annual power consumption (TWh) and capacity demand (MW) until 2050

Figure 203: Yemen, Cumulative installed generation capacity (MW), 2015-2030

Figure 204: Yemen, Annual power generation (GWh), 2015-2030

Figure 205: Yemen, Renewable energy targets (per cent)

Figure 206: Yemen, Map of electricity grid

Figure 207: EULLPST Grid Interconnection Project

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