Castellanos Project in Pinar del Rio, Cuba, was the largest surface lead-producing mine in the world, producing approximately 122.4 thousand tonnes of lead and an estimated 1.09 million metric tons per annum (mmtpa) of Run-of-Mine (ROM) in 2021. The Castellanos Project is owned by GeoMinera S.A, and is due to operate until 2039. The second largest surface lead-producing mine with an estimated production of 94 thousand tonnes of lead and an estimated 2.05 mmtpa of ROM in 2021, was the Plovdiv Mine located in Plovdiv, Cuba. The Plovdiv Mine is owned by KCM 2000 Group.
Kardzhali Lead and Zinc Mine located in Kardzhali, Bulgaria was the third-largest mine, the Red Dog Mine located in Alaska, United States was the fourth-largest mine, and the Penasquito Mine located in Zacatecas, Mexico was the fifth-largest mine, with an estimated lead production of 92.8 thousand tonnes, 90 thousand tonnes and 77.1 thousand tonnes, respectively, in 2021. The Kardzhali Lead and Zinc Mine, the Red Dog Mine and the Penasquito Mine had an estimated ROM production of 2.02 mmtpa, 4.62 mmtpa and 35.91 mmtpa respectively. The Kardzhali Lead and Zinc Mine is owned by Harmony 2012, Ltd., the Red Dog Mine is owned by Teck Resources Ltd which is due to operate until 2032 and the Penasquito Mine is owned by Newmont Corp which is due to operate until 2032.
The five largest lead mines, i.e., Castellanos Project, Plovdiv Mine, Kardzhali Lead and Zinc Mine, Red Dog Mine, and Penasquito Mine, cumulatively produced approximately 476.3 thousand tonnes of lead, 45.69 mmtpa of ROM in 2021.
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