Central Japan Railway Co (JR Central) is a diversified company. It is primarily engaged in the transportation industry, operating the Tokaido Shinkansen and conventional railway lines in the Tokai region of Japan. The company also conducts bus operations and other transportation services. Additionally, JR Central is involved in the merchandise and real estate sectors, operating department stores and engaging in real estate leasing and sales. The company serves a significant market area that includes major Japanese prefectures such as Tokyo, Osaka, and Nagoya, and it holds a substantial market share in inter-city transportation.

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JR Central has undertaken R&D initiatives focused on developing a new construction method to reduce the impact on train operations and cut construction costs. The company has also been working on measures to extend the life of structures and conducting research on energy-conserving rolling stock and environment preservation along railway lines. Additionally, the company is continuing research on battery railcars. The R&D unit of the company is the Technology Research and Development Department, which is responsible for enhancing the technological capabilities of the company, addressing technological challenges faced by the Railway Operations Divisions, and conducting regular technology exchanges. The Komaki Research Center is also involved in advancing research on new construction methods. In FY2025, the company spent JPY36,752 million on R&D, which as a percentage of revenue stood at 2.0%.