Korean Air Lines Co Ltd (Korean Air) is involved in passenger and cargo air transport, as well as aerospace operations. It carries out the transportation of passengers and cargo, aircraft maintenance, and the manufacturing of airframes and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). The company's cargo business transports a diverse range of goods, including industrial, consumer, and special cargo. The aerospace division focuses on military aircraft maintenance, airframe manufacturing, and UAV development. Korean Air is also involved in IT services, aircraft engine repair, and hotel operations through its subsidiaries. The company serves a wide range of customers, including domestic and international passengers, cargo clients, and aerospace clients, such as the Republic of Korea Armed Forces and the US Forces Korea. The passenger fleet comprises 36 Boeing 777-200ER/300/300ER, 22 Boeing 737-800/900/900ER/8, 18 Boeing 787-9/10, seven Boeing 747-8i, 22 Airbus A330-300, 7 Airbus A380-800, two Airbus A350-900, 10 Airbus A220-300, and 15 Airbus A321neo. The cargo fleet includes 12 Boeing 777F, seven Boeing 747-8F, and 4 Boeing 747-400 freighters.

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Korean Air is actively engaged in R&D initiatives focusing on international joint development of large commercial aircraft with global manufacturers such as Boeing and Airbus. The company is also pursuing advancements in new growth sectors such as unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) platform development, aircraft performance upgrades, Urban Air Mobility (UAM), air traffic management, AI, space launch vehicles, and stealth technology. These efforts aim to position the company as a leading global aerospace enterprise by enhancing core competencies and creating synergies. The R&D unit of Korean Air is responsible for conducting research and development across the spectrum of manned and unmanned aircraft. This unit manages the company's R&D activities, including international joint development projects, government-led modifications, and advancements in stealth UAV technology. The company has established the Next-Generation Stealth UAV Development Center and has formed a major technology alliance with Anduril for the development of Autonomous Air Vehicles (AAVs). It is also involved in joint development projects with Airbus and other global manufacturers. In February 2026, the company confirmed it successfully tested a 5-meter-wide satellite antenna deployment system. The test took place in January at CAMTIC in Jeonju under a project overseen by the Korea Research Institute for Defense Technology Planning and Advancement (KRIT). The company worked with CAMTIC, StepLab, and Korea Aerospace University on the effort. In FY2025, the company spent KRW91.5 billion on R&D, which as a percentage of revenue stood at 0.6%.