NLC India Ltd (NLC) is a Government of India Enterprise, that is primarily involved in mining and power generation. The company mines lignite and coal and produces electricity using thermal and renewable sources. It had mines and power plants in Tamil Nadu, Andaman and Rajasthan. The company sells electricity to state DISCOMS in Southern India and Rajasthan.

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NLC invests heavily in research and development to explore technologies, refine mining techniques, and discover sustainable alternatives. The company collaborates with industry partners, research institutions, and technology suppliers to remain at the forefront of innovation. The Centre for Applied Research & Development (CARD) is the in-house R&D center, recognized by the Department of Science & Technology, and focuses on a diverse range of R&D initiatives. These initiatives include in-house projects to assess scalability and viability, collaborative projects with external research bodies, and externally financed projects supported by the Ministries of Coal and Mines. CARD's major functions include carrying out Science & Technology research projects, environmental monitoring, pollution level measurements, quality control testing, technology development, and more. The company is also working on a project with NIT Trichy and IISc Bangalore to improve the service life of bottom rollers in bucket wheel excavators. The R&D unit of the company is the Centre for Applied Research & Development (CARD). CARD is responsible for managing the company's R&D activities, including carrying out Science & Technology research projects, environmental monitoring, pollution level measurements, quality control testing, technology development, and coordinating S&T projects.