Taiwan Semiconductor Manufacturing Co Ltd (TSMC) is a leading manufacturer of semiconductor products. The company offers a comprehensive range of wafer fabrication processes, including complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) logic, mixed-signal, radio frequency (RF), embedded memory, bipolar complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (BiCMOS), and others. TSMC also provides design, mask making, TSMC 3DFabric advanced silicon stacking and packaging services, and testing services.

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TSMC’s R&D arm focuses on developing cutting-edge technologies and designing solutions that contribute to the success of its customers’ products. The company is focusing on advanced process technologies, including 7-, 5-, 3-, and 2-nanometer technologies, to maintain a competitive edge over its peers. TSMC's R&D activities are categorized into centralized and fab-conducted efforts. In FY2025, significant progress was made in the development of 2nm technology, with a focus on baseline consolidation, yield enhancement, and performance improvements in transistor and interconnect technologies. The company also advanced its A16 and A14 technologies, which are built on the 2nm process, offering superior speed, power efficiency, and density improvements. These advancements are crucial for supporting high-performance computing (HPC) applications. The company's R&D activities are centralized and occur at individual fabrication facilities, focusing on new logic, system-on-chip (SoC), and package/system-in-package (SIP) technologies, as well as cost-effective 3D wafer-level system integration solutions. The company has a comprehensive patent management system, which includes global patent deployment, exploration invention mining, and patent portfolio expansion. As of December 2025, the company had accumulated over 114,000 patent applications worldwide, with more than 9,600 applications filled in 2025 alone. It ranked second among global US patent applicants and first in Taiwan. The company also emphasizes trade secret management, having pioneered a "Trade Secret Registration System" and established a "Trade Secret Sustainable Intelligent Management Center." These efforts are complemented by strategic research collaborations with leading universities and research institutions worldwide, focusing on innovations in transistors, interconnects, materials, and device simulation. In FY2025, the company incurred expenses of TWD246,427.3 million on R&D, which as a percentage of revenue, stood at 6.5%.