Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) generates and supplies electricity. It supplies power to municipalities and local government bodies on wholesale basis and retails to consumers in northern Alabama, Tennessee, northeastern Mississippi and southwestern Kentucky, and portions of northern Georgia, western North Carolina, and southwestern Virginia. TVA generates electricity using nuclear, natural gas, coal, oil, diesel, hydro, and solar sources. As of September 30, 2022, the company had three nuclear sites, 17 natural gas and oil-fired sites, five coal-fired sites, 29 conventional hydroelectric sites, one pumped-storage hydroelectric site, one diesel generator site, and 13 solar installations. Through short- and long-term power purchase agreements and spot market purchases, it procures electricity from different power producers.

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The agency carries out research and development (R&D) activities through investments in science and technological innovation, to address the business and operational challenges. TVA focuses on power delivery technologies; emerging technologies such as clean energy, renewable, distributed resources, and energy efficiency; generation technologies related to the fossil fuel, nuclear and hydroelectric; and environmental technologies. It strives to evaluate technology gaps, performance issues and other issues for the optimization of its generation and transmission assets, energy utilization, air and water quality and distributed and clean energy integration. The agency has collaborations with LPCs, Electric Power Research Institute and other research agencies, Department of Energy and other federal agencies, universities, other utilities, national labs, and industry vendors; and participates in professional societies.