Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) generates and supplies electricity. It supplies power to municipalities and local government bodies on wholesale basis and retails to consumers in northern Alabama, Tennessee, northeastern Mississippi and southwestern Kentucky, and portions of northern Georgia, western North Carolina, and southwestern Virginia. TVA generates electricity using nuclear, natural gas, coal, oil, diesel, hydro, and solar sources. As of September 30, 2025, the company had three nuclear sites, 18 natural gas and oil-fired sites, four coal-fired sites, 29 conventional hydroelectric sites, one pumped-storage hydroelectric site, one diesel generator site, and nine solar installations. Through short- and long-term power purchase agreements and spot market purchases, it procures electricity from different power producers.

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TVA is actively engaged in research and development initiatives to support the energy system of the future. The company's annual research portfolio is updated to assess key technology gaps and performance issues. Core research activities focus on optimizing generation and transmission assets, improving air and water quality, enhancing energy utilization, and integrating distributed and clean energy. TVA collaborates with various partners, including LPCs, the Electric Power Research Institute, the DOE, and other federal agencies, to optimize distribution systems and close technology gaps. The Key R&D priorities include advanced nuclear solutions, storage integration, and regional grid transformation. The company is also evaluating emerging nuclear technologies and has entered collaborative arrangements to advance nuclear reactor designs. The company deploys grid-scale battery energy storage technology and evaluating other storage systems to improve transmission system resiliency. The company is involved in regional grid transformation initiatives, focusing on intelligent distribution and transmission systems.